PMID- 30875925
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190703
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Mar 15
TI  - Abscisic Acid Regulates the 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA Reductase Gene 
      Promoter and Ginsenoside Production in Panax quinquefolium Hairy Root Cultures.
LID - 10.3390/ijms20061310 [doi]
LID - 1310
AB  - Panax quinquefolium hairy root cultures synthesize triterpenoid saponins named 
      ginsenosides, that have multidirectional pharmacological activity. The first 
      rate-limiting enzyme in the process of their biosynthesis is 
      3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR). In this study, a 741 bp fragment 
      of the P. quinquefolium HMGR gene (PqHMGR), consisting of a proximal promoter, 
      5'UTR (5' untranslated region) and 5'CDS (coding DNA sequence) was isolated. In 
      silico analysis of an isolated fragment indicated a lack of tandem repeats, miRNA 
      binding sites, and CpG/CpNpG elements. However, the proximal promoter contained 
      potential cis-elements involved in the response to light, salicylic, and abscisic 
      acid (ABA) that was represented by the motif ABRE (TACGTG). The functional 
      significance of ABA on P. quinquefolium HMGR gene expression was evaluated, 
      carrying out quantitative RT-PCR experiments at different ABA concentrations 
      (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg.L(-1)). Additionally, the effect of abscisic acid and 
      its time exposure on biomass and ginsenoside level in Panax quinquefolium hairy 
      root was examined. The saponin content was determined using HPLC. The 28 day 
      elicitation period with 1 mg.L(-1) ABA was the most efficient for Rg2 and Re 
      (17.38 and 1.83 times increase, respectively) accumulation; however, the 
      protopanaxadiol derivative content decreased in these conditions.
FAU - Kochan, Ewa
AU  - Kochan E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3316-2412
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, 
      Muszynskiego l, 90-151 Lodz, Poland. ewa.kochan@umed.lodz.pl.
FAU - Balcerczak, Ewa
AU  - Balcerczak E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5257-2914
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of 
      Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of 
      Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 
      90-151 Lodz, Poland. ewa.balcerczak@umed.lodz.pl.
FAU - Szymczyk, Piotr
AU  - Szymczyk P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7688-4717
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, 
      Muszynskiego l, 90-151 Lodz, Poland. piotr.szymczyk@umed.lodz.pl.
FAU - Sienkiewicz, Monika
AU  - Sienkiewicz M
AD  - Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, 2nd Chair of 
      Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-725, Lodz, 
      Poland. monika.sienkiewicz@umed.lodz.pl.
FAU - Zielinska-Blizniewska, Hanna
AU  - Zielinska-Blizniewska H
AD  - Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, 2nd Chair of 
      Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-725, Lodz, 
      Poland. anna.zielinska-blizniewska@umed.lodz.pl.
FAU - Szymanska, Grazyna
AU  - Szymanska G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0025-7645
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, 
      Muszynskiego l, 90-151 Lodz, Poland. grazyna.szymanska@umed.lodz.pl.
LA  - eng
GR  - 502 13 771, 503/3-012-02/503-31/Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190315
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Ginsenosides)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 72S9A8J5GW (Abscisic Acid)
RN  - EC 1.1.1.- (Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Computer Simulation
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
MH  - Ginsenosides/analysis/*biosynthesis
MH  - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/*genetics
MH  - Panax/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Proteins/genetics
MH  - Plant Roots/drug effects/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Promoter Regions, Genetic
PMC - PMC6471273
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase gene promoter
OT  - Panax quinquefolium
OT  - ginsenosides
OT  - hairy roots
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/03/17 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/04 06:00
PMCR- 2019/03/01
CRDT- 2019/03/17 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/03/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms20061310 [pii]
AID - ijms-20-01310 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms20061310 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 15;20(6):1310. doi: 10.3390/ijms20061310.