PMID- 30881168
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1179-2752 (Electronic)
IS  - 1179-2752 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2019
TI  - Antibiotic resistance among ocular pathogens: current trends from the ARMOR 
      surveillance study (2009-2016).
PG  - 15-26
LID - 10.2147/OPTO.S189115 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular micRoorganisms study 
      is an ongoing surveillance study that tracks antibiotic resistance among 
      bacterial isolates from ocular infections across the United States. We report 
      antibiotic resistance rates and trends from 2009 through 2016. MATERIALS AND 
      METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae from 
      various ocular infections were obtained from participating United States centers. 
      Isolates were sent to a central laboratory for determination of antibiotic 
      resistance profiles. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth 
      microdilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for 
      drugs from more than ten antibiotic classes, and isolates were classified as 
      susceptible or resistant based on systemic breakpoints, wherever available. 
      Resistance rates were also evaluated based on decade of patient life and 
      longitudinally over the 8-year time period. RESULTS: A total of 1,695 S. aureus, 
      1,475 CoNS, 474 S. pneumoniae, 586 H. influenzae, and 599 P. aeruginosa were 
      collected from 87 sites. Resistance was high among staphylococci and pneumococci, 
      with methicillin resistance detected in 621 (36.6%) S. aureus and 717 (48.6%) 
      CoNS isolates. Multidrug resistance (>/=3 drug classes) was observed among 
      staphylococci, particularly in methicillin-resistant (MR) isolates (MR S. aureus 
      [MRSA]: 76.2%; MR CoNS [MRCoNS]: 73.5%). Differences in methicillin resistance 
      among staphylococci were observed based on patient age, with higher rates 
      observed in older patients (P<0.0001). For certain organism-antibiotic 
      combinations, there were significant changes in resistance over time, including a 
      decrease in methicillin resistance among S. aureus (but not CoNS); no notable 
      trends were observed for S. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic resistance was 
      prevalent among gram-positive organisms, and MR staphylococcal isolates were more 
      likely to be multidrug resistant. Although a small decrease in methicillin 
      resistance was observed among S. aureus over time, the continued high prevalence 
      of in vitro methicillin resistance should be considered when treating patients 
      with ocular infections.
FAU - Thomas, Randall K
AU  - Thomas RK
AD  - Educators in Primary Eye Care, LLC, Concord, NC, USA, 1randallthomas@gmail.com.
FAU - Melton, Ron
AU  - Melton R
AD  - Educators in Primary Eye Care, LLC, Concord, NC, USA, 1randallthomas@gmail.com.
FAU - Asbell, Penny A
AU  - Asbell PA
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee 
      Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190312
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Clin Optom (Auckl)
JT  - Clinical optometry
JID - 101730504
PMC - PMC6419597
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bacterial pathogens
OT  - methicillin resistance
OT  - multidrug resistance
OT  - ophthalmic infections
OT  - topical antimicrobials
COIS- Disclosure RKT has received advisory board/consultancy fees from Bausch & Lomb 
      Incorporated. PAA has received grants, advisory board/consultancy fees, and 
      non-financial support from Bausch & Lomb Incorporated. The authors report no 
      other conflicts of interest in this work.
EDAT- 2019/03/19 06:00
MHDA- 2019/03/19 06:01
PMCR- 2019/03/12
CRDT- 2019/03/19 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/03/19 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - opto-11-015 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/OPTO.S189115 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Clin Optom (Auckl). 2019 Mar 12;11:15-26. doi: 10.2147/OPTO.S189115. eCollection 
      2019.