PMID- 30893735
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190416
LR  - 20231006
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Print)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 665
DP  - 2019 May 15
TI  - Development of a novel aerosol generation system for conducting inhalation 
      exposures to ambient particulate matter (PM).
PG  - 1035-1045
LID - S0048-9697(19)30702-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.214 [doi]
AB  - In this study, we developed a novel method for generating aerosols that are 
      representative of real-world ambient particulate matter (PM) in terms of both 
      physical and chemical characteristics, with the ultimate objective of using them 
      for inhalation exposure studies. The protocol included collection of ambient PM 
      on filters using a high-volume sampler, which were then extracted with ultrapure 
      Milli-Q water using vortexing and sonication. As an alternative approach for 
      collection, ambient particles were directly captured into aqueous slurry samples 
      using the versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system 
      (VACES)/aerosol-into-liquid collector tandem technology. The aqueous samples from 
      both collection protocols were then re-aerosolized using commercially available 
      nebulizers. The physical characteristics (i.e., particle size distribution) of 
      the generated aerosols were examined by the means of a scanning mobility particle 
      sizer (SMPS) connected to a condensation particle counter (CPC) at different 
      compressed air pressures of the nebulizer, and dilution air flow rates. In 
      addition, the collected PM samples (both ambient and re-aerosolized) were 
      chemically analyzed for water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), elemental and 
      organic carbon (EC/OC), inorganic ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 
      and metals and trace elements. Using the aqueous filter extracts, we were able to 
      effectively recover the water-soluble components of ambient PM (e.g., 
      water-soluble organic matter, and water-soluble inorganic ions); however, this 
      method was deficient in recovering some of the important insoluble components 
      such as EC, PAHs, and many of the redox-active trace elements and metals. In 
      contrast, using the VACES/aerosol-into-liquid collector tandem technology for 
      collecting ambient PM directly into water slurry, we were able to preserve the 
      water-soluble and water-insoluble components very effectively. These results 
      illustrate the superiority of the VACES/aerosol-into liquid collector tandem 
      technology to be used in conjunction with the re-aerosolization setup to create 
      aerosols that fully represent ambient PM, making it an attractive choice for 
      application in inhalation exposure studies.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Taghvaee, Sina
AU  - Taghvaee S
AD  - University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental 
      Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Mousavi, Amirhosein
AU  - Mousavi A
AD  - University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental 
      Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Sowlat, Mohammad H
AU  - Sowlat MH
AD  - University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental 
      Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Sioutas, Constantinos
AU  - Sioutas C
AD  - University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental 
      Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: sioutas@usc.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 AG055367/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES024936/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RF1 AG051521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190214
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerosols/*analysis
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Inhalation Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Particulate Matter/*analysis
PMC - PMC6430148
MID - NIHMS1522182
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aerosol-into-liquid collector
OT  - Ambient PM
OT  - Aqueous extraction
OT  - Inhalation exposures
OT  - Re-aerosolization
OT  - VACES
EDAT- 2019/03/22 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/17 06:00
PMCR- 2020/05/15
CRDT- 2019/03/22 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/02/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0048-9697(19)30702-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.214 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2019 May 15;665:1035-1045. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.214. Epub 2019 Feb 14.