PMID- 30901781 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190416 LR - 20190416 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 664 DP - 2019 May 10 TI - State of knowledge on current exposure, fate and potential health effects of contaminants in polar bears from the circumpolar Arctic. PG - 1063-1083 LID - S0048-9697(19)30509-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.030 [doi] AB - The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is among the Arctic species exposed to the highest concentrations of long-range transported bioaccumulative contaminants, such as halogenated organic compounds and mercury. Contaminant exposure is considered to be one of the largest threats to polar bears after the loss of their Arctic sea ice habitat due to climate change. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of current exposure, fate, and potential health effects of contaminants in polar bears from the circumpolar Arctic required by the Circumpolar Action Plan for polar bear conservation. Overall results suggest that legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls, chlordanes and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), followed by other perfluoroalkyl compounds (e.g. carboxylic acids, PFCAs) and brominated flame retardants, are still the main compounds in polar bears. Concentrations of several legacy POPs that have been banned for decades in most parts of the world have generally declined in polar bears. Current spatial trends of contaminants vary widely between compounds and recent studies suggest increased concentrations of both POPs and PFCAs in certain subpopulations. Correlative field studies, supported by in vitro studies, suggest that contaminant exposure disrupts circulating levels of thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism, and alters neurochemistry in polar bears. Additionally, field and in vitro studies and risk assessments indicate the potential for adverse impacts to polar bear immune functions from exposure to certain contaminants. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Routti, Heli AU - Routti H AD - Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. Electronic address: heli.routti@npolar.no. FAU - Atwood, Todd C AU - Atwood TC AD - U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA. FAU - Bechshoft, Thea AU - Bechshoft T AD - Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Boltunov, Andrei AU - Boltunov A AD - Marine Mammal Research and Expedition Center, 36 Nahimovskiy pr., Moscow 117997, Russia. FAU - Ciesielski, Tomasz M AU - Ciesielski TM AD - Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. FAU - Desforges, Jean-Pierre AU - Desforges JP AD - Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Dietz, Rune AU - Dietz R AD - Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Gabrielsen, Geir W AU - Gabrielsen GW AD - Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. FAU - Jenssen, Bjorn M AU - Jenssen BM AD - Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Arctic Technology, University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. FAU - Letcher, Robert J AU - Letcher RJ AD - Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Heath Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada. FAU - McKinney, Melissa A AU - McKinney MA AD - Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. FAU - Morris, Adam D AU - Morris AD AD - Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Heath Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada. FAU - Riget, Frank F AU - Riget FF AD - Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Sonne, Christian AU - Sonne C AD - Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAU - Styrishave, Bjarne AU - Styrishave B AD - Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. FAU - Tartu, Sabrina AU - Tartu S AD - Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190205 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Arctic Regions MH - *Environmental Exposure MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects MH - Ursidae/*physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Emerging compounds OT - Mercury OT - PFAS OT - Persistent organic pollutants OT - Pollutant OT - Ursus maritimus EDAT- 2019/03/25 06:00 MHDA- 2019/04/17 06:00 CRDT- 2019/03/24 06:00 PHST- 2018/11/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/02/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/02/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/03/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/03/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/04/17 06:00 [medline] AID - S0048-9697(19)30509-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.030 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2019 May 10;664:1063-1083. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.030. Epub 2019 Feb 5.