PMID- 30917586 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190722 LR - 20200225 IS - 1420-3049 (Electronic) IS - 1420-3049 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 6 DP - 2019 Mar 26 TI - Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Triterpene beta-Elemonic Acid in Frankincense In Vivo and In Vitro. LID - 10.3390/molecules24061187 [doi] LID - 1187 AB - The purpose of this research was to extract and separate the compounds from frankincense, and then evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects. The isolated compound was a representative tetracyclic triterpenes of glycine structure according to (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR spectra, which is beta-elemonic acid (beta-EA). We determined the content of six different localities of frankincense; the average content of beta-EA was 41.96 mg/g. The toxic effects of beta-EA administration (400, 200, 100 mg/kg) for four weeks in Kunming (KM) mice were observed. Compared with the control group, the body weight of mice, the visceral coefficients and serum indicators in the beta-EA groups showed no systematic variations. The anti-inflammatory effects of beta-EA were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, xylene-induced induced ear inflammation in mice, carrageenin-induced paw edema in mice, and cotton pellet induced granuloma formation in rats. beta-EA inhibited overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF R1), Eotaxin-2, Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) in the RAW264.7 cells. Intragastric administration with beta-EA (300, 200, and 100 mg/kg in mice, and 210, 140, and 70 mg/kg in rats) all produced distinct anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Following treatment with beta-EA (300 mg/kg, i.g.), the NO level in mice ears and PGE2 in mice paws both decreased (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our study indicates that beta-EA could be a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. FAU - Zhang, Yue AU - Zhang Y AD - Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. zhyjoy1111@126.com. AD - Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. zhyjoy1111@126.com. FAU - Yu, Ying-Li AU - Yu YL AD - Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. yuguyu88@sina.com. AD - Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. yuguyu88@sina.com. FAU - Tian, Hua AU - Tian H AD - Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. tianhua2019@163.com. FAU - Bai, Ru-Yu AU - Bai RY AD - Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. 13337033276@163.com. FAU - Bi, Ya-Nan AU - Bi YN AD - Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. bi15522880330@sina.com. FAU - Yuan, Xiao-Mei AU - Yuan XM AD - Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. 13072003152@163.com. FAU - Sun, Li-Kang AU - Sun LK AD - Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. likang.sun@bluewin.ch. AD - Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. likang.sun@bluewin.ch. FAU - Deng, Yan-Ru AU - Deng YR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2607-8052 AD - School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. dyanru@sina.com. FAU - Zhou, Kun AU - Zhou K AD - Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. z.k.ken@263.net. AD - Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. z.k.ken@263.net. AD - Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China. z.k.ken@263.net. LA - eng GR - 2011ZX09201-201-21/National Science and Technology Major Projects for "Major New Drugs Innovation and Development"/ GR - 2014ZX09304307-001-005/National Science and Technology Major Projects for "Major New Drugs Innovation and Development"/ GR - 81673826/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190326 PL - Switzerland TA - Molecules JT - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 100964009 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) RN - 0 (Triterpenes) RN - 0 (Xylenes) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 9000-07-1 (Carrageenan) RN - K7Q1JQR04M (Dinoprostone) RN - R9XLF1R1WM (Frankincense) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Carrageenan/adverse effects MH - Cell Survival/drug effects MH - Dinoprostone/*metabolism MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Frankincense/*chemistry MH - In Vitro Techniques MH - Inflammation/chemically induced/*drug therapy MH - Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects MH - Mice MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - RAW 264.7 Cells MH - Rats MH - Triterpenes/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacology MH - Xylenes/adverse effects PMC - PMC6471661 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Frankincense OT - anti-inflammatory OT - triterpene OT - beta-elemonic acid COIS- The authors declared no competing interests. EDAT- 2019/03/29 06:00 MHDA- 2019/07/23 06:00 PMCR- 2019/03/26 CRDT- 2019/03/29 06:00 PHST- 2019/03/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/03/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/03/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/03/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/03/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/07/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/03/26 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - molecules24061187 [pii] AID - molecules-24-01187 [pii] AID - 10.3390/molecules24061187 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Molecules. 2019 Mar 26;24(6):1187. doi: 10.3390/molecules24061187.