PMID- 30919522 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200416 LR - 20200416 IS - 1552-8618 (Electronic) IS - 0730-7268 (Print) IS - 0730-7268 (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 6 DP - 2019 Jun TI - Analysis of Sublethal Toxicity in Developing Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to a Range of Petroleum Substances. PG - 1302-1312 LID - 10.1002/etc.4428 [doi] AB - The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 236 (fish embryo acute toxicity test; 2013) relies on 4 endpoints to describe exposure-related effects (coagulation, lack of somite formation, tail-bud detachment from the yolk sac, and the presence of a heartbeat). Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos were used to investigate these endpoints along with a number of additional sublethal effects (cardiac dysfunction, pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, tail curvature, hatch success, pericardial edema area, craniofacial malformation, swim bladder development, fin development, and heart rate) following 5-d exposures to 7 petroleum substances. The substances investigated included 2 crude oils, 3 gas oils, a diluted bitumen, and a petrochemical containing a mixture of branched alcohols. Biomimetic extraction-solid-phase microextraction (BE-SPME) was used to quantify freely dissolved concentrations of test substances as the exposure metric. The results indicated that the most prevalent effects observed were pericardial and yolk sac edema, tail curvature, and lack of embryo viability. A BE-SPME threshold was determined to characterize sublethal morphological alterations that preceded embryo mortality. Our results aid in the understanding of aquatic hazards of petroleum substances to developing zebrafish beyond traditional OECD test guideline 236 endpoints and show the applicability of BE-SPME as a simple analytical tool that can be used to predict sublethal embryo toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1302-1312. (c) 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. CI - (c) 2019 The Authors. FAU - Hedgpeth, Bryan M AU - Hedgpeth BM AD - ExxonMobil Biomedical Science, Annandale, New Jersey, USA. AD - Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, USA. FAU - Redman, Aaron D AU - Redman AD AD - ExxonMobil Petroleum and Chemical, Machelen, Belgium. FAU - Alyea, Rebecca A AU - Alyea RA AD - ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Spring, Texas, USA. FAU - Letinski, Daniel J AU - Letinski DJ AD - ExxonMobil Biomedical Science, Annandale, New Jersey, USA. FAU - Connelly, Martin J AU - Connelly MJ AD - ExxonMobil Biomedical Science, Annandale, New Jersey, USA. FAU - Butler, Josh D AU - Butler JD AD - ExxonMobil Research Qatar, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar. FAU - Zhou, Heping AU - Zhou H AD - Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, USA. FAU - Lampi, Mark A AU - Lampi MA AD - ExxonMobil Biomedical Science, Annandale, New Jersey, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190506 PL - United States TA - Environ Toxicol Chem JT - Environmental toxicology and chemistry JID - 8308958 RN - 0 (Petroleum) RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Ecotoxicology MH - Embryo, Nonmammalian/*drug effects MH - Embryonic Development/drug effects MH - Environmental Exposure/*analysis MH - Petroleum/*toxicity MH - Toxicity Tests, Acute MH - Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity MH - Zebrafish/*embryology PMC - PMC6849576 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Aquatic toxicology OT - Bioavailability OT - Biomimetic extraction-solid-phase microextraction OT - Fish embryo acute toxicity test OT - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons OT - Zebrafish EDAT- 2019/03/29 06:00 MHDA- 2020/04/17 06:00 PMCR- 2019/11/12 CRDT- 2019/03/29 06:00 PHST- 2018/12/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/03/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/03/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/03/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/04/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/03/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/11/12 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ETC4428 [pii] AID - 10.1002/etc.4428 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Toxicol Chem. 2019 Jun;38(6):1302-1312. doi: 10.1002/etc.4428. Epub 2019 May 6.