PMID- 30924378
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200102
LR  - 20200102
IS  - 1477-0903 (Electronic)
IS  - 0960-3271 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Syringic acid triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 
      cells.
PG  - 694-702
LID - 10.1177/0960327119839173 [doi]
AB  - Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer death in the 
      world and its incidence has dramatically increased worldwide in the past two 
      decades. Syringic acid (SA) has been studied for its hepatoprotective, 
      anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, free radical scavenging, and antioxidant 
      activities. We aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of SA against human 
      hepatoma HepG2 cell line. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 
      3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. HepG2 cells 
      were treated with SA at concentration ranges of 25, 50, and 100 microM for 24 h. 
      Reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was investigated by dichlorofluorescein 
      staining assay. Morphological changes of SA-treated HepG2 cells were evaluated by 
      acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) dual staining. Apoptotic marker 
      gene expressions were evaluated by qPCR. SA treatment caused significant 
      cytotoxicity and liberation of ROS in HepG2 cells. AO and EB staining showed 
      membrane blebbing and distortion in SA-treated cells. Apoptotic markers such as 
      caspases 3 and 9, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, Bax, and p53 gene expressions were 
      significantly increased upon SA treatment indicating the possibility of apoptosis 
      induction in HepG2 cells. This treatment also caused significant downregulation 
      of Bcl-2 gene expression. SA has a cytotoxic effect on human HepG2 cell line, and 
      this might be a promising agent in anticancer research.
FAU - Gheena, S
AU  - Gheena S
AD  - 1 Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha 
      Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
AD  - 2 Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha 
      Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Ezhilarasan, D
AU  - Ezhilarasan D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5068-2383
AD  - 1 Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha 
      Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
AD  - 3 Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre and Department of 
      Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of 
      Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190329
PL  - England
TA  - Hum Exp Toxicol
JT  - Human & experimental toxicology
JID - 9004560
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 632XD903SP (Gallic Acid)
RN  - E390O181H5 (syringic acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Gallic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Hep G2 Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HepG2
OT  - Syringic acid
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - cytotoxicity
OT  - hepatocellular carcinoma
EDAT- 2019/03/30 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/03 06:00
CRDT- 2019/03/30 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/30 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1177/0960327119839173 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Exp Toxicol. 2019 Jun;38(6):694-702. doi: 10.1177/0960327119839173. Epub 2019 
      Mar 29.