PMID- 30949765 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210128 LR - 20210128 IS - 1436-6215 (Electronic) IS - 1436-6207 (Linking) VI - 59 IP - 3 DP - 2020 Apr TI - Dietary sources of free sugars in the diet of European children: the IDEFICS Study. PG - 979-989 LID - 10.1007/s00394-019-01957-y [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: To report dietary free sugars consumption and their different types and food sources in European children. METHODS: The present study is based on the IDEFICS study, a European multicenter cohort study in children (2-9 years old) from eight countries, comprising 8308 children (51.4% males). Dietary intake of the previous 24 h was assessed using a computer-assisted 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and the different types of sugars were assessed using the German food composition database. RESULTS: Mean total energy intake was 1720 (SD 477) kcal/d for boys and 1631 (SD 451) kcal/d for girls. Total sugars intake was 98 (SD 52) g/day for boys and 93 (SD 49) g/day for girls. Free sugars intake was 81 (SD 49) g/day for boys and 77 (SD 47) g/day for girls. Girls had significantly lower intakes of energy, total and free sugars compared with than boys but did not differ in terms of percent of energy from total (23%) or free sugars (18%). There were large variations between countries in average % energy from free sugars (ranging from 13% in Italy to 27% in Germany). Less than 20% of children were within the recommended intake of 10% of energy from free sugars. The food groups that contributed substantially to free sugars intakes were "Fruit juices", "Soft drinks", "Dairy" and "Sweets and candies". CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of free sugars to total energy intake in European children is higher than recommendations. The main food contributors to free sugars intake are sweetened beverages ("Fruit juices" and "Soft drinks"). It is especially important to reduce children's intake of free sugars, focusing in target population on certain foods and food groups. FAU - Graffe, Maria Isabel Mesana AU - Graffe MIM AD - Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Saragossa, Spain. mmesana@unizar.es. AD - Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Saragossa, Spain. mmesana@unizar.es. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragon), Saragossa, Spain. mmesana@unizar.es. AD - Red de Salud Materno-infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Barakaldo, Spain. mmesana@unizar.es. FAU - Pala, V AU - Pala V AD - Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. FAU - De Henauw, S AU - De Henauw S AD - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. FAU - Eiben, G AU - Eiben G AD - Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. AD - Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Skovde, Sweden. FAU - Hadjigeorgiou, C AU - Hadjigeorgiou C AD - Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus. FAU - Iacoviello, L AU - Iacoviello L AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. FAU - Intemann, T AU - Intemann T AD - Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Bremen, Germany. AD - Institute for Public Health and Nursing- IPP, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Jilani, H AU - Jilani H AD - Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Bremen, Germany. AD - Institute for Public Health and Nursing- IPP, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Molnar, D AU - Molnar D AD - Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary. FAU - Russo, P AU - Russo P AD - Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy. FAU - Veidebaum, T AU - Veidebaum T AD - National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia. FAU - Moreno, L A AU - Moreno LA AD - Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Saragossa, Spain. AD - Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Saragossa, Spain. AD - Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragon), Saragossa, Spain. AD - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain. LA - eng GR - Contract no. 016181 (FOOD)/European Commission within the Sixth RTD Framework/ GR - JCI-2010-07055/Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/ GR - RD08/0072/0025/Spanish Carlos III Health Institute/ PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study DEP - 20190404 PL - Germany TA - Eur J Nutr JT - European journal of nutrition JID - 100888704 RN - 0 (Dietary Sugars) SB - IM MH - Candy/statistics & numerical data MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cohort Studies MH - Dairy Products/statistics & numerical data MH - Diet/*methods/*statistics & numerical data MH - Diet Surveys/*methods/*statistics & numerical data MH - Dietary Sugars/*administration & dosage MH - Energy Intake MH - Europe MH - Female MH - Fruit and Vegetable Juices/statistics & numerical data MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Recommended Dietary Allowances MH - Sex Factors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Children OT - Food sources OT - Free sugars OT - Sugar recommendations OT - Sugar sweetened beverages EDAT- 2019/04/06 06:00 MHDA- 2021/01/29 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/06 06:00 PHST- 2017/11/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/03/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/01/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/06 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00394-019-01957-y [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00394-019-01957-y [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Nutr. 2020 Apr;59(3):979-989. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01957-y. Epub 2019 Apr 4.