PMID- 30953522
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190506
LR  - 20231006
IS  - 1550-2783 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Apr 5
TI  - Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained 
      athletes.
PG  - 16
LID - 10.1186/s12970-019-0284-9 [doi]
LID - 16
AB  - BACKGROUND: The ketogenic diet is becoming a popular nutritional model among 
      athletes. However, the relationship between its use and metabolism during 
      exercise seems to have not been fully investigated. METHODS: The aim of the study 
      was to assess the effects of a four-week ketogenic diet (KD) on fat and 
      carbohydrate (CHO) utilization during an incremental cycling test (ICT) in 
      CrossFit-trained female (n = 11) and male (n = 11) athletes. During the ICT 
      (while consuming the customary diet and after the KD), oxygen uptake and carbon 
      dioxide exhalation were registered, and CHO and fat utilization as well as energy 
      expenditure were calculated. RESULTS: In males, the KD led to an increase in fat 
      utilization (g.min(- 1).kg(FFM)(- 1) and % oxidation). It was particularly 
      noticeable at exercise intensities up to 80% of VO(2max). An increase in the area 
      under the curve (AUC) was seen in males but not in females at up to </=65% VO(2max) 
      of fat utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Male CrossFit-trained athletes seem to be more 
      prone to shifts in macronutrient utilization (in favor of fat utilization) during 
      submaximal intensity exercise under a ketogenic diet than are female athletes. 
      TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Gov, NCT03665948 . Registered 11 September 
      2018 (retrospectively registered).
FAU - Durkalec-Michalski, Krzysztof
AU  - Durkalec-Michalski K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5041-2981
AD  - Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 
      Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland. durkmich@up.poznan.pl.
AD  - Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 
      61-871, Poznan, Poland. durkmich@up.poznan.pl.
FAU - Nowaczyk, Paulina M
AU  - Nowaczyk PM
AD  - Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 
      Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Siedzik, Katarzyna
AU  - Siedzik K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1104-7202
AD  - Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 
      Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03665948
GR  - Internal sources (statutory funds)/Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20190405
PL  - United States
TA  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr
JT  - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
JID - 101234168
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Athletes
MH  - *Diet, Ketogenic
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*metabolism
MH  - Dietary Fats/*metabolism
MH  - *Energy Metabolism
MH  - *Exercise
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxygen Consumption
MH  - Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PMC - PMC6451242
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CrossFit
OT  - Energy substrates
OT  - Exercise metabolism
OT  - Ketogenic diet
OT  - Nutritional intervention
OT  - Sport
COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The study was approved by the 
      Bioethics Committee at Poznan University of Medical Sciences (Poland) was granted 
      for this study (decision No. 681/16 and 683/16 of 10 November 2016). All 
      procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 
      Helsinki Declaration, and written informed consent was obtained from all 
      participants before the study began. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. 
      COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 
      PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional 
      claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
EDAT- 2019/04/07 06:00
MHDA- 2019/05/07 06:00
PMCR- 2019/04/05
CRDT- 2019/04/07 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/04/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/05/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-019-0284-9 [pii]
AID - 284 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-019-0284-9 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019 Apr 5;16(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12970-019-0284-9.