PMID- 30965889 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200930 IS - 2073-4360 (Electronic) IS - 2073-4360 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 11 DP - 2017 Nov 7 TI - Interfacial Properties of Bamboo Fiber-Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene Composites by Different Methods for Adding Nano Calcium Carbonate. LID - 10.3390/polym9110587 [doi] LID - 587 AB - The focus of this study was to observe the effect of nano calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) modification methods on bamboo fiber (BF) used in BF-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites manufactured by extrusion molding. Two methods were used to introduce the nano CaCO(3) into the BF for modification; the first was blending modification (BM) and the second was impregnation modification (IM). In order to determine the effects of the modification methods, the water absorption, surface free energy and interfacial properties of the unmodified composites were compared to those of the composites made from the two modification methods. The results revealed that the percentage increase in the weight of the composite treated by nano CaCO(3) decreased and that of the IMBF/HDPE composite was the lowest over the seven months of time. The results obtained by the acid-base model according to the Lewis and Owens-Wendt- Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK) equations indicated that the surface energy of the composites was between 40 and 50 mJ/m(2). When compared to the control sample, the maximum storage modulus (E'(max)) of the BMBF/HDPE and IMBF/HDPE composites increased 1.43- and 1.53-fold, respectively. The values of the phase-to-phase interaction parameter B and the k value of the modified composites were higher than those of the unmodified composites, while the apparent activation energy Ea and interface parameter A were lower in the modified composites. It can be concluded that nano CaCO(3) had an effect on the interfacial properties of BF-reinforced HDPE composites, and the interface bonding between IMBF and HDPE was greatest among the composites. FAU - Wang, Cuicui AU - Wang C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2890-9569 AD - International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China. cuicui124@163.com. AD - Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. cuicui124@163.com. FAU - Yu, Xian AU - Yu X AD - The College of Forestry of Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China. wangge@icbr.ac.cn. FAU - Smith, Lee M AU - Smith LM AD - Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USA. leemiller.smith27@gmail.com. FAU - Wang, Ge AU - Wang G AD - International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China. wangge@icbr.ac.cn. FAU - Cheng, Haitao AU - Cheng H AD - International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China. htcheng@icbr.ac.cn. FAU - Zhang, Shuangbao AU - Zhang S AD - Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. shuangbaozhang@163.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20171107 PL - Switzerland TA - Polymers (Basel) JT - Polymers JID - 101545357 PMC - PMC6418590 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bamboo fiber (BF) OT - blending modification (BM) OT - high-density polyethylene (HDPE) OT - impregnation modification (IM) OT - interfacial properties OT - nano calcium carbonate (CaCO3) COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2017/11/07 00:00 MHDA- 2017/11/07 00:01 PMCR- 2017/11/07 CRDT- 2019/04/11 06:00 PHST- 2017/10/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/11/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/11/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/11/07 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/11/07 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2017/11/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - polym9110587 [pii] AID - polymers-09-00587 [pii] AID - 10.3390/polym9110587 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Polymers (Basel). 2017 Nov 7;9(11):587. doi: 10.3390/polym9110587.