PMID- 30971483
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191218
LR  - 20200507
IS  - 1526-632X (Electronic)
IS  - 0028-3878 (Print)
IS  - 0028-3878 (Linking)
VI  - 92
IP  - 19
DP  - 2019 May 7
TI  - Damage of the lateral geniculate nucleus in MS: Assessing the missing node of the 
      visual pathway.
PG  - e2240-e2249
LID - 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007450 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study if the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is affected 
      in multiple sclerosis (MS) due to anterograde degeneration from optic neuritis 
      (ON) or retrograde degeneration from optic radiation (OR) pathology, and if this 
      is relevant for visual function. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, LGN 
      volume of 34 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 33 matched healthy controls 
      (HC) was assessed on MRI using atlas-based automated segmentation (MAGeT). ON 
      history, thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL), OR lesion 
      volume, and fractional anisotropy (FA) of normal-appearing OR (NAOR-FA) were 
      assessed as measures of afferent visual pathway damage. Visual function was 
      tested, including low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA) and Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) 
      plates for color vision. RESULTS: LGN volume was reduced in patients vs HC (165.5 
      +/- 45.5 vs 191.4 +/- 47.7 mm(3), B = -25.89, SE = 5.83, p < 0.001). It was 
      associated with GC-IPL thickness (B = 0.95, SE = 0.33, p = 0.006) and correlated 
      with OR lesion volume (Spearman rho = -0.53, p = 0.001), and these relationships 
      remained after adjustment for normalized brain volume. There was no association 
      between NAOR-FA and LGN volume (B = -133.28, SE = 88.47, p = 0.137). LGN volume 
      was not associated with LCLA (B = 5.5 x 10(-5), SE = 0.03, p = 0.998), but it 
      correlated with HRR color vision (rho = 0.39, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: LGN volume 
      loss in MS indicates structural damage with potential functional relevance. Our 
      results suggest both anterograde degeneration from the retina and retrograde 
      degeneration from the OR lesions as underlying causes. LGN volume is a promising 
      marker reflecting damage of the visual pathway in MS, with the advantage of 
      individual measurement per patient on conventional MRI.
CI  - (c) 2019 American Academy of Neurology.
FAU - Papadopoulou, Athina
AU  - Papadopoulou A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0367-1008
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland. athina.papadopoulou@usb.ch.
FAU - Gaetano, Laura
AU  - Gaetano L
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Pfister, Armanda
AU  - Pfister A
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Altermatt, Anna
AU  - Altermatt A
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Tsagkas, Charidimos
AU  - Tsagkas C
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Morency, Felix
AU  - Morency F
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Brandt, Alexander U
AU  - Brandt AU
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Hardmeier, Martin
AU  - Hardmeier M
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Chakravarty, Mallar M
AU  - Chakravarty MM
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Descoteaux, Maxime
AU  - Descoteaux M
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Kappos, Ludwig
AU  - Kappos L
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Sprenger, Till
AU  - Sprenger T
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
FAU - Magon, Stefano
AU  - Magon S
AD  - From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical 
      Research, and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A. Pfister, C.T., 
      M.H., L.K., T.S., S.M.), and Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, 
      Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (A. Papadopoulou, L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; 
      NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC) (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), and 
      Experimental and Clinical Research Center (A. Papadopoulou, A.U.B.), Max Delbruck 
      Center for Molecular Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 
      Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin 
      Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) (L.G., A.A., 
      C.T., S.M.), Basel, Switzerland; Imeka Solutions (F.M.), Sherbrooke, Canada; 
      Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine; Cerebral 
      Imaging Centre (M.M.C.), Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Departments 
      of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering (M.M.C.), McGill University, Montreal; 
      University of Sherbrooke (M.D.), Canada; and Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD 
      Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany. The present address for L.G. is F. Hoffmann-La 
      Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190410
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurology
JT  - Neurology
JID - 0401060
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Geniculate Bodies/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
MH  - Nerve Degeneration/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
MH  - Vision Tests
MH  - Vision, Ocular/physiology
MH  - Visual Pathways/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
PMC - PMC6537126
EDAT- 2019/04/12 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/19 06:00
PMCR- 2020/05/07
CRDT- 2019/04/12 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/05/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - WNL.0000000000007450 [pii]
AID - NEUROLOGY2018916536 [pii]
AID - 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007450 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurology. 2019 May 7;92(19):e2240-e2249. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007450. Epub 
      2019 Apr 10.