PMID- 30972673
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200302
LR  - 20200302
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Jan
TI  - Modification of acidic and textural properties of a sulphated zirconia catalyst 
      for efficient conversion of high-density polyethylene into liquid fuel.
PG  - 55-65
LID - 10.1007/s11356-019-04878-9 [doi]
AB  - Consumption of plastic has a rapid increase of about 8% per annum and reached to 
      400 million per tonnes approximately, where about 50% of plastic was disposed 
      after using only once. Different techniques for treating this increased waste 
      faced a number of issues related to cost and environmental and sustainable 
      development. Catalytic conversion has been found as one of the most viable 
      solutions to solve this problem. Sulphated zirconia (SZ) catalyst modified with 
      calcium carbide (CC) was found to improve high-density polyethylene (HDPE) 
      conversion into liquid fuel. The liquid content was improved from 39.0wt% to 
      66.0wt% at 410  degrees C. HDPE was converted 100% by weight using, SZ/CC with 66wt% 
      liquid yield as compared to the conversion of approximately 98wt% with about 
      40wt% only liquid yield for the pure SZ. The composition of hydrocarbon liquid 
      product was significantly changed from paraffin (16%) and aromatic (58%) to 
      olefin (74%) and naphthenic (23%) compounds. This significant increase in liquid 
      was related to changes in the acidic and textural characteristics of the new 
      hybrid catalyst, SZ/CC where the total ammonia desorption of 337.0 mum NH(3)/g for 
      the SZ was modified to 23.4 mum NH(3)/g for the SZ/CC. Both SZ and SZ/CC catalysts 
      showed characteristics of mesoporous material, where the internal pore volume of 
      SZ had reduced from 0.21 mL/g for SZ to 0.04 mL/g for SZ/CC. Furthermore, XRD 
      analysis indicated the presence of a new compound, CaZrO(3) in the SZ/CC, which 
      confirmed a chemical interaction between the SZ and CC through sintering of 
      ZrO(2) and CaO. Therefore, the SZ/CC catalyst improves the liquid yield 
      significantly and the selectivity towards olefinic and naphthenic compounds.
FAU - Almustapha, Muhammad N
AU  - Almustapha MN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0287-2067
AD  - Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy 
      Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
AD  - Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Farooq, Muhammad
AU  - Farooq M
AD  - Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy 
      Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. mf181@hw.ac.uk.
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, 
      KSK Campus, Lahore, Pakistan. mf181@hw.ac.uk.
FAU - Mohammed, Misbahu L
AU  - Mohammed ML
AD  - Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Farhan, Muhammad
AU  - Farhan M
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, 
      KSK Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
FAU - Imran, Muhammad
AU  - Imran M
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens 
      Lyngby, Denmark.
FAU - Andresen, John M
AU  - Andresen JM
AD  - Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy 
      Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190410
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Sulfates)
RN  - 7664-41-7 (Ammonia)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - C6V6S92N3C (Zirconium)
RN  - S38N85C5G0 (zirconium oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ammonia
MH  - Catalysis
MH  - Hydrocarbons
MH  - Plastics
MH  - Polyethylene/*chemistry
MH  - Sulfates
MH  - Zirconium/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Calcium carbide
OT  - Catalytic conversion
OT  - HDPE
OT  - Plastic waste
OT  - Sulphated zirconia
EDAT- 2019/04/12 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/03 06:00
CRDT- 2019/04/12 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/12 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-019-04878-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-019-04878-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jan;27(1):55-65. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-019-04878-9. Epub 2019 Apr 10.