PMID- 30974174 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200110 LR - 20200110 IS - 1879-0240 (Electronic) IS - 0965-1748 (Linking) VI - 109 DP - 2019 Jun TI - Insect hemolymph coagulation: Kinetics of classically and non-classically secreted clotting factors. PG - 63-71 LID - S0965-1748(18)30441-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.04.007 [doi] AB - In most insects, hemolymph coagulation, which is analogous to mammalian blood clotting, involves close collaboration between humoral and cellular components. To gain insights into the secretion of cellular clotting factors, we created tagged versions of three different clotting factors. Our focus was on factors which are released in a non-classical manner and to characterize them in comparison to a protein that is classically released, namely Glutactin (Glt). Transglutaminase-A (Tg) and Prophenoloxidase 2 (PPO2), both of which lack signal peptide sequences, have been previously demonstrated to be released from plasmatocytes and crystal cells (CCs) respectively, the two hemocyte classes in naive larvae. We found that at the molecular level, Tg secretion resembles the release of tissue transglutaminase in mammals. Specifically, Drosophila Tg is associated with vesicular membranes and remains membrane-bound after release, in contrast to Glt, which we found localizes to a different class of vesicles and is integrated into clot fibers. PPO2 on the other hand, is set free from CCs through cytolysis. We confirm that PPO2 is a central component of the cytosolic crystals and find that the distribution of PPO2 appears to vary across crystals and cells. We propose a tentative scheme for the secretory events during early and late hemolymph coagulation. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Schmid, Martin R AU - Schmid MR AD - Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: martin.schmid@su.se. FAU - Dziedziech, Alexis AU - Dziedziech A AD - Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: alexis.dziedziech@su.se. FAU - Arefin, Badrul AU - Arefin B AD - Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: badrul.arefin@liu.se. FAU - Kienzle, Thomas AU - Kienzle T AD - Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: thomas-k1@gmx.net. FAU - Wang, Zhi AU - Wang Z AD - Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: zhiwang33@gmail.com. FAU - Akhter, Munira AU - Akhter M AD - Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: munira.akhter@su.se. FAU - Berka, Jakub AU - Berka J AD - Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: berkajakub@seznam.cz. FAU - Theopold, Ulrich AU - Theopold U AD - Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: uli.theopold@su.se. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190408 PL - England TA - Insect Biochem Mol Biol JT - Insect biochemistry and molecular biology JID - 9207282 RN - 0 (Blood Coagulation Factors) RN - 0 (Drosophila Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Blood Coagulation Factors/*genetics/metabolism MH - Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology MH - Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology MH - Hemolymph/*physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bacteria OT - Clotting OT - Coagulation OT - Defense OT - Drosophila melanogaster OT - Glutactin OT - Hemolymph OT - Non-classical secretion OT - Prophenoloxidase OT - Secretion OT - Septic injury OT - Transglutaminase OT - Wounding EDAT- 2019/04/12 06:00 MHDA- 2020/01/11 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/12 06:00 PHST- 2018/11/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/03/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/04/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/01/11 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/12 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0965-1748(18)30441-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.04.007 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Jun;109:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.04.007. Epub 2019 Apr 8.