PMID- 30976167
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1226-8453 (Print)
IS  - 2093-4947 (Electronic)
IS  - 1226-8453 (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019 Apr
TI  - Nonsaponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng attenuates cytokine production via 
      inhibition of TLR4 expression.
PG  - 291-299
LID - 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.03.003 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ginsenosides of Korean Red Ginseng extracts (RGE) and its saponin 
      components suppress secretion of inflammasome-mediating cytokines, whereas the 
      nonsaponin fraction (NS) of RGE oppositely stimulates cytokine secretion. 
      Although direct exposure of NS to macrophages in mice induces cytokine 
      production, oral administration of NS has not been studied in 
      inflammasome-related disease in animal models. METHODS: Mice were fed RGE or NS 
      for 7 days and then developed peritonitis. Peritoneal cytokines were measured, 
      and peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) were collected to assay expression levels of 
      a set of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines in response to NS ingestion. In 
      addition, the role of intestinal bacteria in NS-fed mice was assessed. The effect 
      of preexposure to NS in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) on cytokine 
      production was further confirmed. RESULTS: NS ingestion attenuated secretion of 
      peritoneal cytokines resulting from peritonitis. In addition, the isolated PECs 
      from NS-fed mice presented lower TLR transcription levels than PECs from control 
      diet-fed mice. BMDMs treated with NS showed downregulation of TLR4 mRNA and 
      protein expression, which was mediated by the TLR4-MyD88-NFkappaB signal pathway. 
      BMDMs pretreated with NS produced less cytokines in response to TLR4 ligands. 
      CONCLUSION: NS administration directly inhibits TLR4 expression in inflammatory 
      cells such as macrophages, thereby reducing secretion of cytokines during 
      peritonitis.
FAU - Ahn, Huijeong
AU  - Ahn H
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon 
      National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Han, Byung-Cheol
AU  - Han BC
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon 
      National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
AD  - Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jeongeun
AU  - Kim J
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon 
      National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kang, Seung Goo
AU  - Kang SG
AD  - Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon 
      National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Pyeung-Hyeun
AU  - Kim PH
AD  - Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon 
      National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Jang, Kyoung Hwa
AU  - Jang KH
AD  - Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - So, Seung Ho
AU  - So SH
AD  - Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Lee, Seung-Ho
AU  - Lee SH
AD  - Korea Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Lee, Geun-Shik
AU  - Lee GS
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon 
      National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180404
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - J Ginseng Res
JT  - Journal of ginseng research
JID - 100890690
PMC - PMC6437451
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alum, aluminum potassium sulfate
OT  - BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages
OT  - Cytokine
OT  - HKST, heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium
OT  - IL, interleukin
OT  - Korean Red Ginseng extracts
OT  - LB, Luria-Bertani
OT  - LCCM, L929 cell-conditioned medium
OT  - LPS, lipopolysaccharide
OT  - Lys, lysate
OT  - MSU, monosodium urate crystal
OT  - NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
OT  - NLRP3, (NOD)2-like receptor protein 3
OT  - NOD, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain
OT  - NS, nonsaponin fraction
OT  - Non, nontreatment
OT  - Nonsaponin fraction
OT  - PECs, peritoneal exudate cells
OT  - Peritonitis
OT  - RGE, Korean Red Ginseng extracts
OT  - SF, saponin fraction
OT  - Sup, supernatant
OT  - TLR4
OT  - TLRs, toll-like receptors
OT  - ip, intraperitoneally
EDAT- 2019/04/13 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/13 06:01
PMCR- 2018/04/04
CRDT- 2019/04/13 06:00
PHST- 2017/10/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/03/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/03/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/04/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/04/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1226-8453(17)30324-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.03.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Ginseng Res. 2019 Apr;43(2):291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 
      Apr 4.