PMID- 30978234
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191219
LR  - 20231011
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019
TI  - Drug trends among non-institutionalized Canadians and the impact of data 
      collection changes in the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2015.
PG  - e0214718
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0214718 [doi]
LID - e0214718
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is a global trend of increasing use in prescription and 
      over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. This hasn't been verified in Canada. In addition, 
      there are changes made to the collection method of medication information after 
      the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) cycle 2. This study aims to review the 
      potential impact of the changes in medication data collection and the trends in 
      medication use if data quality remains similar throughout the CHMS cycles 1 to 4. 
      This is fundamental for the analysis of this biomonitoring database. METHODS: The 
      CHMS cycle 1 to 4 medication and household data were used to study the trends of 
      medication use between 2007 and 2015. The use of prescription or OTC drugs was 
      grouped based on the first levels of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) 
      Classification system. The total numbers of medications were asked in all cycles. 
      However, only a maximum of 15 and 5 drugs could be respectively reported for 
      existing and new prescription or OTC drugs in cycles 1 and 2. There were no 
      restrictions on drug reporting after cycle 2. The trends of medication use were 
      described as ratios, compared to cycle 1. RESULTS: The total numbers of the types 
      of medication ever identified decreased from 739 to 603 between cycles 1 and 4. 
      The proportions of using any drugs were from 0.90 to 0.88 between cycles 1 and 4 
      (ratio = 1.08 in cycle 4, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.26). The numbers of drugs in use 
      were from 3.9 to 3.8 (ratio = 1.05 in cycle 4, 95% CI = 0.86 to 1.24). The 
      proportions of prescription drug use were from 0.53 to 0.55 (ratio = 1.13 in 
      cycle 4, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.37), while the numbers of prescription were from 1.51 
      to 1.68 (ratio = 1.20 in cycle 4, 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.48). The use of diabetes and 
      thyroid medication had trends similar to the respective disease prevalence. The 
      use and the numbers of drugs for blood and blood forming organs significantly 
      increased between cycles 1 and 4 (ratio = 1.56 in cycle 4, 95% CI = 1.03 to 
      2.10). CONCLUSIONS: There is an increasing trend in the use of blood and blood 
      forming agents through cycles 2 to 4 and cardiovascular drugs in cycle 3. For 
      diabetes and thyroid medication, the proportions of medication use increase 
      proportionally with disease prevalence. The changes in the medication information 
      collection method may not have important impact on the reporting of the use of 
      prescription or OTC drugs.
FAU - Chao, Yi-Sheng
AU  - Chao YS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4019-3586
AD  - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CRCHUM), 
      Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
FAU - Wu, Chao-Jung
AU  - Wu CJ
AD  - Departement d'informatique, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, 
      Canada.
FAU - Wu, Hsing-Chien
AU  - Wu HC
AD  - Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Wei-Chih
AU  - Chen WC
AD  - Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School 
      of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
GR  - CIHR/Canada
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190412
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Prescription Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biological Monitoring
MH  - Canada/epidemiology
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/epidemiology
MH  - Data Collection
MH  - Databases, Factual
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy/epidemiology
MH  - Drug Misuse/*trends
MH  - Female
MH  - *Health Surveys
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use
MH  - Prescription Drugs/therapeutic use
MH  - Prevalence
PMC - PMC6461261
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2019/04/13 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/20 06:00
PMCR- 2019/04/12
CRDT- 2019/04/13 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/04/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-18-24145 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0214718 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2019 Apr 12;14(4):e0214718. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214718. 
      eCollection 2019.