PMID- 31009841
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191120
LR  - 20200106
IS  - 2299-5684 (Electronic)
IS  - 1734-1140 (Linking)
VI  - 71
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - What is the combined effect of intense intermittent exercise and Ginkgo biloba 
      plant on the brain neurotrophic factors levels, and learning and memory in young 
      rats?
PG  - 503-508
LID - S1734-1140(18)30516-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.006 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of intense 
      intermittent exercise and Ginkgo biloba on the hippocampal levels of 
      brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and also 
      memory and learning in young rats. METHODS: Forty two eight-week-old rats were 
      randomly divided into six groups including control, low dose of Ginkgo biloba 
      (65 mg/kg), high dose of Ginkgo biloba (100 mg/kg), exercise, exercise + low dose 
      of Ginkgo biloba, exercise + high dose of Ginkgo biloba. The exercise protocol or 
      Ginkgo biloba administration was six days a week for six weeks. The hippocampal 
      levels of BDNF and NT-4 were measured by ELISA method, and learning and memory 
      were evaluated by Morris water maze test in all groups. Data were analyzed using 
      SPSS software. RESULTS: Increase in hippocampal levels of BDNF and NT-4 appeared 
      following exercise (p < 0.01). The levels do not change following 
      exercise + Ginkgo biloba administration. However, the NT-4 level decreased in the 
      high dose of Ginkgo biloba group (p < 0.01). Disorder in learning and memory was 
      indicated following the use of low dose of Ginkgo biloba or exercise + low dose 
      Ginkgo biloba administration (p < 0.001). Learning elevated in the exercise group 
      (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise in young rats may increase brain neurotrophin 
      levels and lead to improved learning. The preventative or protective role of 
      Ginkgo biloba against some diseases has been suggested, but its consumption in 
      young athletes is recommended with caution.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Published 
      by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sadeghinejad, Masoumeh
AU  - Sadeghinejad M
AD  - Department of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
FAU - Soltani, Zahra
AU  - Soltani Z
AD  - Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical 
      Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 
      Electronic address: Soltaniy@yahoo.com.
FAU - Afzalpour, Mohammad Esmaeil
AU  - Afzalpour ME
AD  - Department of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
FAU - Khaksari, Mohammad
AU  - Khaksari M
AD  - Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of 
      Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
FAU - Pourranjbar, Mohammad
AU  - Pourranjbar M
AD  - Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Physical Education, School of 
      Medicine, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 
      Kerman, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190212
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmacol Rep
JT  - Pharmacological reports : PR
JID - 101234999
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Growth Factors)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 19FUJ2C58T (Ginkgo biloba extract)
RN  - P658DCA9XD (neurotrophin 4)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Ginkgo biloba/*chemistry
MH  - Hippocampus/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Maze Learning/*drug effects
MH  - Memory/*drug effects
MH  - Memory Disorders/drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism
MH  - Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology
MH  - Phytotherapy/methods
MH  - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
OT  - Exercise
OT  - Ginkgo biloba
OT  - Hippocampus
OT  - Neurotrophin-4
OT  - Rat
EDAT- 2019/04/23 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/21 06:00
CRDT- 2019/04/23 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/02/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1734-1140(18)30516-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pharmacol Rep. 2019 Jun;71(3):503-508. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.006. Epub 
      2019 Feb 12.