PMID- 31011125
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2308-3417 (Electronic)
IS  - 2308-3417 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 4
DP  - 2018 Dec 7
TI  - Preliminary Development of a Screening Tool for Pre-Clinical Dysphagia in 
      Community Dwelling Older Adults.
LID - 10.3390/geriatrics3040090 [doi]
LID - 90
AB  - Evidence suggests that community dwelling older adults (CDOA) are at risk for 
      dysphagia (swallowing difficulties). Dysphagia is often unidentified until 
      related morbidities like under nutrition or pneumonia occur. These cases of 
      unidentified dysphagia, prior to any clinical intervention, may be termed 
      'pre-clinical dysphagia'. Identifying pre-clinical dysphagia is challenged by the 
      lack of validated tools appropriate for CDOA. This study addresses preliminary 
      development of a novel patient reported outcome (PRO) screening tool for 
      pre-clinical dysphagia. Initially, 34 questions were developed from literature 
      review and expert opinion. Following pilot testing (n = 53), the questionnaire 
      was revised and tested on 335 additional CDOA. Face validity, content validity, 
      item analysis, reliability (internal consistency), and construct validity 
      (exploratory factor analysis) measures were completed. Psychometric validation 
      resulted in a 17-question PRO tool. Construct analysis identified a three-factor 
      model that explained 67.345% of the variance. Emergent factors represented 
      swallowing effort, physical function, and cognitive function. The results 
      revealed strong construct validity and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 
      0.90). A novel, simple PRO incorporating multiple function domains associated 
      with aging demonstrated strong preliminary psychometric properties. This tool is 
      more comprehensive and aging-focused than existing dysphagia screening tools. 
      Inclusion of multiple domains may be key in early identification of pre-clinical 
      dysphagia.
FAU - Madhavan, Aarthi
AU  - Madhavan A
AD  - Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State 
      University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. axm1125@psu.edu.
FAU - Carnaby, Giselle D
AU  - Carnaby GD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3724-2818
AD  - Swallowing Research Laboratory, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 
      University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. giselle.carnaby@ucf.edu.
FAU - Chhabria, Karishma
AU  - Chhabria K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5028-023X
AD  - Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 
      karishma.chhabria@bcm.edu.
FAU - Crary, Michael A
AU  - Crary MA
AD  - Swallowing Research Laboratory, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 
      University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. Michael.crary@ucf.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20181207
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Geriatrics (Basel)
JT  - Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101704019
PMC - PMC6371185
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - patient reported outcomes
OT  - pre-clinical dysphagia
OT  - screening
OT  - tool development
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/24 06:01
PMCR- 2018/12/07
CRDT- 2019/04/24 06:00
PHST- 2018/10/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/12/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/12/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/12/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - geriatrics3040090 [pii]
AID - geriatrics-03-00090 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/geriatrics3040090 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Geriatrics (Basel). 2018 Dec 7;3(4):90. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics3040090.