PMID- 31013991
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2076-3425 (Print)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019 Apr 14
TI  - Hypothesis: Astrocyte Foot Processes Detachment from the Neurovascular Unit in 
      Female Diabetic Mice May Impair Modulation of Information Processing-Six Degrees 
      of Separation.
LID - 10.3390/brainsci9040083 [doi]
LID - 83
AB  - Astrocytes via their foot processes (ACfp) are specialized connecting cells, and 
      they structurally connect the neurovascular unit (NVU) mural cells to neurons. 
      Astrocytes provide homeostatic mechanisms for structural connections and provide 
      communication between the NVU and regional neurons for functional hyperemia in 
      regions of increased neuronal activity (neurovascular coupling). Previously, our 
      group has demonstrated a detachment, separation, and retraction of ACfp in 
      diabetic db/db females (DBC). It was hypothesized that a loss of adherent 
      ACfp/NVU could result in the known impaired cognition in DBC. Additionally 
      hypothesized was that empagliflozin treatment could protect DBC ACfp/NVU 
      remodeling. This study demonstrates a significant loss of ACfp/NVU numbers in DBC 
      and a protection of this loss by empagliflozin treatment (DBE). The number of 
      intact ACfp/NVU was 6.45 +/- 1.1 in control heterozygous (CKC) vs. 1.88 +/- 0.72 in 
      DBC (p < 0.05) and 5.86 +/- 0.88 in DBE vs. DBC (p < 0.05) by visually 
      hand-counting the capillary NVUs (22 in CKC, 25 in DBC, and 22 in DBE). These 
      findings suggest that empagliflozin provides neuroprotection via the prevention 
      of ACfp separation in DBE as compared to diabetic DBC. Furthermore, a loss of 
      ACfp/NVU numbers in DBC may correspond with a negative modulation of 
      informational processing, and the protection of ACfp/NVU numbers could provide a 
      protective modulation in DBE models.
FAU - Hayden, Melvin R
AU  - Hayden MR
AD  - Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 
      Columbia, MO 65212, USA. mrh29pete@gmail.com.
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of 
      Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA. mrh29pete@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190414
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Brain Sci
JT  - Brain sciences
JID - 101598646
PMC - PMC6523904
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - astrocyte
OT  - astrocyte foot processes
OT  - basement membrane
OT  - endothelial cells
OT  - neuron
OT  - neurovascular coupling
OT  - neurovascular unit
OT  - pericyte's
COIS- Author has none to declare.
EDAT- 2019/04/25 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/25 06:01
PMCR- 2019/04/01
CRDT- 2019/04/25 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/04/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/04/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/04/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - brainsci9040083 [pii]
AID - brainsci-09-00083 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/brainsci9040083 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Sci. 2019 Apr 14;9(4):83. doi: 10.3390/brainsci9040083.