PMID- 31016170
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2230-8210 (Print)
IS  - 2230-9500 (Electronic)
IS  - 2230-9500 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Jan-Feb
TI  - Cardiovascular Effects of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients 
      with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
PG  - 150-158
LID - 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_161_17 [doi]
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the leading type of diabetes, has a typical 
      association with coronary heart disease. In India, patients with diabetes are at 
      an increased risk of developing coronary disease as compared to people without 
      diabetes and this suggests the requirement of intensive treatment of 
      cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Consequently, there is a need for an 
      intervention that could target CV risk factors in multiple paths beyond 
      hyperglycemic control alone. Although metformin is the mainstay of treatment in 
      most of the patients with T2DM, a second line of treatment with 
      anti-hyperglycemic agent is warranted in patients with T2DM in the management of 
      CV risk factors beyond glycemic control. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) 
      inhibitors, the oral hypoglycemic drug, that act independent of insulin secretion 
      are associated with a reduced risk of hypoglycemia which is associated with the 
      increased risk of CV events. Moreover, it has been observed that the use of 
      SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM is associated with reductions in blood 
      pressure and body weight beyond improved glycemic control. In this article, the 
      clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of SGLT-2 inhibitors on glycemic, 
      nonglycemic parameters, and CV outcome including data from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME 
      study are discussed. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME study is the first CV outcome study 
      that demonstrated the association of a glucose lowering agent with the reduced CV 
      mortality and all-cause mortality, and reduced hospitalization for heart failure 
      in patients with T2DM at high risk of CV events. Although the mode of action 
      associated with the CV benefits remains unknown, data from ongoing trials 
      including DECLARE-TIMI (Dapagliflozin Effect on CV Events) and CANVAS 
      (Canagliflozin CV Assessment Study) trials potentially can validate the 
      class-effect for SGLT-2 inhibitors regarding the CV outcomes.
FAU - Kumar, Surender
AU  - Kumar S
AD  - Department Endocrinology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
FAU - Talwalkar, Pradeep G
AU  - Talwalkar PG
AD  - Department of Diabetes, Talwalkar Diabetes Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
FAU - Das, Sambit
AU  - Das S
AD  - Department Endocrinology, Apollo Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
FAU - Goswami, Soumik
AU  - Goswami S
AD  - Department Endocrinology, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Endocrinol Metab
JT  - Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
JID - 101555690
PMC - PMC6446691
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular benefits
OT  - sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2019/04/25 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/25 06:01
PMCR- 2019/01/01
CRDT- 2019/04/25 06:00
PHST- 2019/04/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/04/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IJEM-23-150 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_161_17 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jan-Feb;23(1):150-158. doi: 
      10.4103/ijem.IJEM_161_17.