PMID- 31023224 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200211 LR - 20230222 IS - 1471-2180 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2180 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Apr 25 TI - Genetic resistance determinants to fusidic acid and chlorhexidine in variably susceptible staphylococci from dogs. PG - 81 LID - 10.1186/s12866-019-1449-z [doi] LID - 81 AB - BACKGROUND: Concern exists that frequent use of topically-applied fusidic acid (FA) and chlorhexidine (CHX) for canine pyoderma is driving clinically relevant resistance, despite rare description of FA and CHX genetic resistance determinants in canine-derived staphylococci. This study aimed to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and investigate presence of putative resistance determinants for FA and CHX in canine-derived methicillin-resistant (MR) and -susceptible (MS) staphylococci. Plasmid-mediated resistance genes (fusB, fusC, fusD, qacA/B, smr; PCR) and MICs (agar dilution) of FA and CHX were investigated in 578 staphylococci (50 MR S. aureus [SA], 50 MSSA, 259 MR S. pseudintermedius [SP], 219 MSSP) from Finland, U.S.A., North (NUK) and South-East U.K. (SEUK) and Germany. In all isolates with FA MIC >/=64 mg/L (n = 27) fusA and fusE were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: FA resistance determinants (fusA mutations n = 24, fusB n = 2, fusC n = 36) were found in isolates from all countries bar U.S.A. and correlated with higher MICs (>/=1 mg/L), although 4 SP isolates had MICs of 0.06 mg/L despite carrying fusC. CHX MICs did not correlate with qacA/B (n = 2) and smr (n = 5), which were found in SEUK SA, and SP from NUK and U.S.A. CONCLUSIONS: Increased FA MICs were frequently associated with fusA mutations and fusC, and this is the first account of fusB in SP. Despite novel description of qacA/B in SP, gene presence did not correlate with CHX MIC. Selection pressure from clinical use might increase prevalence of these genetic determinants, but clinical significance remains uncertain in relation to high skin concentrations achieved by topical therapy. FAU - Frosini, S-M AU - Frosini SM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4601-4566 AD - Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK. sfrosini@rvc.ac.uk. FAU - Bond, R AU - Bond R AD - Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK. FAU - Rantala, M AU - Rantala M AD - Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Gronthal, T AU - Gronthal T AD - Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Rankin, S C AU - Rankin SC AD - Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. FAU - O'Shea, K AU - O'Shea K AD - Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. FAU - Timofte, D AU - Timofte D AD - Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK. FAU - Schmidt, V AU - Schmidt V AD - Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK. FAU - Lindsay, J AU - Lindsay J AD - Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. FAU - Loeffler, A AU - Loeffler A AD - Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK. LA - eng GR - BB/K011952/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190425 PL - England TA - BMC Microbiol JT - BMC microbiology JID - 100966981 RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (Disinfectants) RN - 0 (FusA protein, Staphylococcus aureus) RN - 0 (Peptide Elongation Factor G) RN - 59XE10C19C (Fusidic Acid) RN - R4KO0DY52L (Chlorhexidine) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology MH - Bacterial Proteins/genetics MH - Chlorhexidine/*pharmacology MH - Disinfectants/pharmacology MH - Dogs/microbiology MH - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/*genetics MH - Finland MH - Fusidic Acid/*pharmacology MH - Germany MH - Methicillin Resistance/genetics MH - Microbial Sensitivity Tests MH - Peptide Elongation Factor G/genetics MH - Pyoderma/microbiology/veterinary MH - R Factors MH - Staphylococcus/*drug effects/*genetics MH - Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects/genetics MH - United States PMC - PMC6485160 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Canine OT - Chlorhexidine OT - Fusidic acid OT - Resistance OT - Staphylococci OT - Veterinary COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Not applicable. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors' group (Royal Veterinary College) has received funding from Dechra Veterinary Products Limited (Shropshire, U.K.) in support of laboratory research and clinical teaching of undergraduate and postgraduate students. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2019/04/27 06:00 MHDA- 2020/02/12 06:00 PMCR- 2019/04/25 CRDT- 2019/04/27 06:00 PHST- 2018/07/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/04/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/02/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12866-019-1449-z [pii] AID - 1449 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12866-019-1449-z [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Microbiol. 2019 Apr 25;19(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1449-z.