PMID- 31024835
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2234-943X (Print)
IS  - 2234-943X (Electronic)
IS  - 2234-943X (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2019
TI  - Gastric Cancer Stem Cells Effect on Th17/Treg Balance; A Bench to Beside 
      Perspective.
PG  - 226
LID - 10.3389/fonc.2019.00226 [doi]
LID - 226
AB  - Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs), a small population among tumor cells, are 
      responsible for tumor initiation, development, metastasis, and recurrence. They 
      play a crucial role in immune evasion, immunomodulation, and impairment of 
      effector immunity and believed to be emerged to change the balance of the immune 
      system, importantly CD4(+) T cells in the chronic inflamed tumor site. However, 
      different subtypes of innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the 
      formation of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment, we would look at T 
      cells in this study. Tumor microenvironment induces differentiation of CD4(+) T 
      cells into different subsets of T cells, mainly suppressive regulatory T cells 
      (Treg), and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, although their exact role in tumor immunity 
      is still under debate depending on tumor types and stages. Counterbalance between 
      Th17 and Treg cells in the gastrointestinal system result in the homeostasis and 
      normal function of the immune system, particularly mucosal immunity. Recent data 
      demonstrated a high infiltration of Th17 and Treg cells into the gastric tumor 
      site and proved that tumor microenvironment might disturb the balance between 
      Th17 and Treg. It is possible to assume an association between activation of CSCs 
      which contribute to metastasis in late stages, and the imbalanced Th17/Treg cells 
      observed in advanced gastric cancer patients. This review intends to clarify the 
      importance of gastric tumor microenvironment specifically CSCs in relation to 
      Th17/Tregs balance firstly and to highlight the relevance of imbalanced Th17/Treg 
      subsets in determining the stages and behavior of the tumor secondly. Finally, 
      the present study suggests a clinical approach looking at the plasticity of T 
      cells with a focus on Th17 as a promising dedicated arm in cancer immunotherapy.
FAU - Rezalotfi, Alaleh
AU  - Rezalotfi A
AD  - Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
AD  - Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, 
      Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Ahmadian, Elmira
AU  - Ahmadian E
AD  - Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, 
      Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Aazami, Hossein
AU  - Aazami H
AD  - Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism 
      Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tehran, Iran.
AD  - Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 
      Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Solgi, Ghasem
AU  - Solgi G
AD  - Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
FAU - Ebrahimi, Marzieh
AU  - Ebrahimi M
AD  - Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, 
      Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190405
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Oncol
JT  - Frontiers in oncology
JID - 101568867
PMC - PMC6464032
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Th17 plasticity
OT  - Treg
OT  - cancer immunotherapy
OT  - gastric cancer
OT  - gastric cancer stem cells
EDAT- 2019/04/27 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/27 06:01
PMCR- 2019/01/01
CRDT- 2019/04/27 06:00
PHST- 2018/09/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fonc.2019.00226 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Oncol. 2019 Apr 5;9:226. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00226. eCollection 2019.