PMID- 31026478 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200511 LR - 20200511 IS - 1872-8057 (Electronic) IS - 0303-7207 (Linking) VI - 491 DP - 2019 Jul 1 TI - Alternative retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands. PG - 110436 LID - S0303-7207(19)30124-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.016 [doi] AB - Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) control a wide variety of functions by virtue of their dimerization with other nuclear hormone receptors (NRs), contributing thereby to activities of different signaling pathways. We review known RXR ligands as transcriptional modulators of specific RXR-dimers and the associated biological processes. We also discuss the physiological relevance of such ligands, which remains frequently a matter of debate and which at present is best met by member(s) of a novel family of retinoids, postulated as Vitamin A5. Through comparison with other natural, but also with synthetic ligands, we discuss high diversity in the modes of ligand binding to RXRs resulting in agonistic or antagonistic profiles and selectivity towards specific subtypes of permissive heterodimers. Despite such diversity, direct ligand binding to the ligand binding pocket resulting in agonistic activity was preferentially preserved in the course of animal evolution pointing to its functional relevance, and potential for existence of other, species-specific endogenous RXR ligands sharing the same mode of function. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Krezel, Wojciech AU - Krezel W AD - Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France; Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France. Electronic address: krezel@igbmc.fr. FAU - Ruhl, Ralph AU - Ruhl R AD - Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary. FAU - de Lera, Angel R AU - de Lera AR AD - Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultade de Quimica, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20190423 PL - Ireland TA - Mol Cell Endocrinol JT - Molecular and cellular endocrinology JID - 7500844 RN - 0 (Ligands) RN - 0 (Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear) RN - 0 (Retinoid X Receptors) RN - 0 (Retinoids) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Humans MH - Ligands MH - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*metabolism MH - Retinoid X Receptors/*metabolism MH - Retinoids/*metabolism MH - Signal Transduction OTO - NOTNLM OT - DHA OT - Evolution OT - Polyunsaturated fatty acids OT - Retinoid X receptor OT - Retinoids OT - Rexinoids EDAT- 2019/04/27 06:00 MHDA- 2020/05/12 06:00 CRDT- 2019/04/27 06:00 PHST- 2019/02/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/04/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/04/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/05/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0303-7207(19)30124-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019 Jul 1;491:110436. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.016. Epub 2019 Apr 23.