PMID- 31026635
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190607
LR  - 20190607
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 675
DP  - 2019 Jul 20
TI  - C(9-13) chlorinated paraffins cause immunomodulatory effects in adult C57BL/6 
      mice.
PG  - 110-121
LID - S0048-9697(19)31728-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.199 [doi]
AB  - Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, C(10-13)) were listed as persistent 
      organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention in 2017 and pose extensive 
      exposure risks to humans. To our knowledge, there have been no studies reporting 
      the immmunomodulatory effects of SCCPs until now. C(9)-CPs have also been shown 
      to be present in the environment. In this study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were 
      exposed to 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d C(9-13)-CPs by gavage for 28 d. The results 
      showed that compared to those of the controls, exposure to C(9-13)-CPs led to 
      increased spleen weight, delimited germinal centers, enhanced energy metabolism, 
      and elevated glutathione content, but no variation in the malonaldehyde level in 
      the spleen was observed. Exposure to C(9-13)-CPs also increased the populations 
      of splenic lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells, and the ratio of the 
      CD3(+)/CD19(+) subsets and CD4(+)/CD8(+) subsets compared to those of the 
      controls. RNA-seq revealed 424 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold 
      change >/= 1.5, FDR < 0.05) in the spleen between the control group and the 
      100 mg/kg/d C(9-13)-CPs-treated group. KEGG analysis demonstrated that folate 
      biosynthesis, pathways in cancer and thyroid hormone signaling were the three 
      most significantly enriched pathways, and despite not reaching statistical 
      significance, some immune-related pathways were also enriched in the KEGG 
      functional enrichment analysis, including the chemokine signaling pathway 
      (FDR < 0.0584), the NF-kappaB signaling pathway (FDR < 0.0663), Th17 cell 
      differentiation (FDR < 0.0839), and the Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Moreover, 
      compared to those of the controls, exposure to C(9-13)-CPs enhanced the 
      Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated cultured splenocyte proliferation, while the 
      exposure showed no effect on the splenocyte proliferation that was stimulated by 
      lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Taken together, these results demonstrated that 
      subacute exposure to C(9-13)-CPs could have immunomodulatory effects in mice. The 
      present study helps to provide an understanding of the comprehensive health risks 
      posed by C(9-13)-CPs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wang, Xia
AU  - Wang X
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - Zhu, Jianbo
AU  - Zhu J
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - Kong, Baida
AU  - Kong B
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - He, Bingnan
AU  - He B
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - Wei, Lai
AU  - Wei L
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - Jin, Yuanxiang
AU  - Jin Y
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - Shan, Yudong
AU  - Shan Y
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - Wang, Weitao
AU  - Wang W
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - Pan, Chunqiang
AU  - Pan C
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China.
FAU - Fu, Zhengwei
AU  - Fu Z
AD  - College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
      Hangzhou 310014, China. Electronic address: azwfu@zjut.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190416
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 8002-74-2 (Paraffin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/toxicity
MH  - Immunomodulation/*drug effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Paraffin/*toxicity
MH  - *Toxicity Tests
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - C(9-13)-chlorinated paraffins
OT  - Immunomodulatory effects
OT  - Mice
OT  - Short-chain chlorinated paraffins
OT  - Transcriptomic analysis
EDAT- 2019/04/27 06:00
MHDA- 2019/06/08 06:00
CRDT- 2019/04/27 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/04/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/06/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(19)31728-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.199 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jul 20;675:110-121. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.199. 
      Epub 2019 Apr 16.