PMID- 31030398
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190731
LR  - 20211210
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 17
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Dietary exposure and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in 
      rural communities living within catchment areas of iSimangaliso World Heritage 
      Site, South Africa.
PG  - 17774-17786
LID - 10.1007/s11356-019-05046-9 [doi]
AB  - Dietary intake of contaminated food is a major route of human exposure to 
      organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Despite the prevalence of OCP usage in southern 
      Africa for several decades, their impact on socioeconomically vulnerable 
      communities remains largely overlooked. We investigated the accumulation of OCPs 
      in crops commonly cultivated by rural communities surrounding iSimangaliso 
      Wetland Park, South Africa. All samples analysed were found to be contaminated, 
      with total OCP concentrations ranging between 190 and 240 ng g(-1) ww. Elevated 
      levels of OCP residues were detected in all products, with the majority of 
      samples exceeding European Commission's maximum residue limits (MRLs). We combine 
      these results with local OCP fish tissue estimates to assess potential dietary 
      risks. Cumulative risk assessment indicated potential non-cancer risks associated 
      with heptachlor epoxide, while a cancer risk as high as 1 in 10 was found to be 
      associated with aldrin and dieldrin. This far exceeds USEPA guidelines and 
      indicates that OCP residues in crops and fish from the study area pose a high 
      risk to human health. The results of this study call for further attention to be 
      given to the health implications of continued OCP use not only within the study 
      area but also in Southern Africa in general.
FAU - Buah-Kwofie, Archibold
AU  - Buah-Kwofie A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7157-5069
AD  - Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa. 
      archiekwofie@yahoo.com.
FAU - Humphries, Marc S
AU  - Humphries MS
AD  - Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
FAU - Pillay, Letitia
AU  - Pillay L
AD  - Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
LA  - eng
GR  - 96296/National Research Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190427
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - I0246D2ZS0 (Dieldrin)
RN  - OZE3CLY605 (Aldrin)
MH  - Agriculture
MH  - Aldrin/analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dieldrin/analysis
MH  - Dietary Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Fishes
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Rural Population
MH  - South Africa
MH  - Wetlands
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Food
OT  - Human health risk
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides
OT  - Risk assessment
EDAT- 2019/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/01 06:00
CRDT- 2019/04/29 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/04/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/29 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-019-05046-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-019-05046-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jun;26(17):17774-17786. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-019-05046-9. Epub 2019 Apr 27.