PMID- 31031857
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1837-9664 (Print)
IS  - 1837-9664 (Electronic)
IS  - 1837-9664 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019
TI  - Significance of Amphiregulin (AREG) for the Outcome of Low and High Grade 
      Astrocytoma Patients.
PG  - 1479-1488
LID - 10.7150/jca.29282 [doi]
AB  - Background: Amphiregulin (AREG) is one of the ligands of the epidermal growth 
      factor receptor which levels was shown to have a tight coherence with various 
      types of cancer. AREG was also designated to be a promising marker for several 
      types of cancer however precious little data about AREG role in the most frequent 
      and generally lethal human brain tumours - astrocytomas reported up to date. The 
      aim of the study was to investigate how AREG changes at epigenetic and expression 
      levels reflect on astrocytoma malignancy and patient outcome. Methods: In total 
      205 low and high grade astrocytoma samples (15 pilocytic astrocytomas, 56 diffuse 
      astrocytomas, 32 anaplastic astrocytomas and 102 glioblastomas) were used for 
      target mRNA, protein expression and DNA methylation analysis applying qRT-PCR, 
      Western-Blot and MS-PCR assays, respectively. Results: Present research revealed 
      that AREG expression level and methylation in cancer tissue is dependent on the 
      grade of astrocytoma. GBM tissue disclosed elevated AREG mRNA expression but 
      reduced AREG protein level as compared to grade II and grade III astrocytomas 
      (p<0.001). Increased methylation frequency was also more abundant in GBM (74%) 
      than grade I, II and III astrocytomas (25%, 34%, and 36%, respectively). The 
      survival analysis revealed relevant differences in patient overall survival 
      between AREG methylation, mRNA and protein expression groups. Kaplan-Meier 
      analysis encompassing only malignant tumours showed similar results indicating 
      that AREG is associated with astrocytoma patient survival independently from 
      astrocytoma grade. Conclusions: Current findings demonstrate that AREG appearance 
      is associated with patient survival as well as astrocytomas malignancy indicating 
      its influence on tumour progression and suggest its applicability as a promising 
      marker.
FAU - Steponaitis, Giedrius
AU  - Steponaitis G
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian 
      University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50161, Lithuania.
FAU - Kazlauskas, Arunas
AU  - Kazlauskas A
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian 
      University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50161, Lithuania.
FAU - Skiriute, Daina
AU  - Skiriute D
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian 
      University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50161, Lithuania.
FAU - Vaitkiene, Paulina
AU  - Vaitkiene P
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian 
      University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50161, Lithuania.
FAU - Skauminas, Kestutis
AU  - Skauminas K
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian 
      University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50161, Lithuania.
FAU - Tamasauskas, Arimantas
AU  - Tamasauskas A
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian 
      University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50161, Lithuania.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190223
PL  - Australia
TA  - J Cancer
JT  - Journal of Cancer
JID - 101535920
PMC - PMC6485216
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - amphiregulin
OT  - astrocytoma
OT  - expression
OT  - glioma
OT  - methylation
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.
EDAT- 2019/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/30 06:01
PMCR- 2019/01/01
CRDT- 2019/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/12/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jcav10p1479 [pii]
AID - 10.7150/jca.29282 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Cancer. 2019 Feb 23;10(6):1479-1488. doi: 10.7150/jca.29282. eCollection 2019.