PMID- 31033084
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201118
LR  - 20240327
IS  - 1360-0443 (Electronic)
IS  - 0965-2140 (Print)
IS  - 0965-2140 (Linking)
VI  - 114
IP  - 12
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - Changes in associations of prescription opioid use disorder and illegal behaviors 
      among adults in the United States from 2002 to 20.
PG  - 2150-2159
LID - 10.1111/add.14638 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In the United States, the availability of prescription 
      opioids has decreased in recent years. Whether there have been corresponding 
      changes in the likelihood of people with prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) 
      to engage in illegal behaviors related to drug use remains unknown. We examined 
      changes in prevalence of illegal behaviors between people with and without POUD 
      over time, and how transactions for obtaining opioids have changed among people 
      with POUD over time. DESIGN: Temporal trend analysis of repeated cross-sectional 
      data. SETTING: United States household dwelling population from all 50 states and 
      District of Columbia. PARTICIPANTS: Adult subsamples from the 2002-14 National 
      Survey of Drug Use and Health (n = 5393 people with POUD; n = 486 768 people 
      without POUD). MEASUREMENTS: Outcome variables were selected illegal behaviors 
      and sources of opioids used non-medically. POUD was defined using the Diagnostic 
      and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria. Time was 
      treated as a continuous variable. The variable of interest for each illegal 
      behavior analysis was the interaction between POUD diagnosis and time. Covariates 
      included age, sex and race/ethnicity. FINDINGS: During the 13-year period 
      examined, the adjusted interaction odds ratio (AIOR) describing the change in 
      association between POUD and selling illicit drugs increased by a factor of 2.41 
      [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-3.71, P < 0.001]. Similar trends were noted 
      for stealing (AIOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.31-3.44, P = 0.002) and for life-time 
      history of arrest (AIOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.06-2.19, P = 0.021). People with POUD 
      became less likely to receive opioids for free from friends and family [adjusted 
      odds ratio (AOR) = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.25-0.71, P = 0.001] and more likely to buy 
      them from friends and family (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.76-6.13, P < 0.001) from 
      2005 to 2014. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, against a backdrop of a 
      decreasing prescription opioid supply, rates of some crimes potentially related 
      to drug use increased among people with prescription opioid use disorder compared 
      with those without prescription opioid use disorder from 2002 to 2014.
CI  - (c) 2019 Society for the Study of Addiction.
FAU - Mintz, Carrie M
AU  - Mintz CM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5291-9690
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, 
      St Louis, MO, USA.
FAU - Hartz, Sarah M
AU  - Hartz SM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, 
      St Louis, MO, USA.
FAU - Borodovsky, Jacob T
AU  - Borodovsky JT
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7112-5677
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, 
      St Louis, MO, USA.
FAU - Bierut, Laura J
AU  - Bierut LJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, 
      St Louis, MO, USA.
FAU - Grucza, Richard A
AU  - Grucza RA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8191-6875
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, 
      St Louis, MO, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - U24 AG021886/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K12 DA041449/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 DA044744/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21AA02568901/NH/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 AA025689/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 AA024888/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA036583/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 DA007261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U10 AA008401/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR002345/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20190612
PL  - England
TA  - Addiction
JT  - Addiction (Abingdon, England)
JID - 9304118
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
SB  - IM
CIN - Addiction. 2019 Dec;114(12):2160-2161. PMID: 31701591
EIN - Addiction. 2021 Jan;116(1):214. PMID: 33394531
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/supply & distribution
MH  - Crime/*trends
MH  - *Criminal Behavior
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Surveys
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Opioid-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Prescription Drug Misuse/*trends
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - United States/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6819203
MID - NIHMS1026325
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Crime
OT  - drug policy
OT  - illegal behavior
OT  - non-medical opioid source
OT  - opioid use disorder
OT  - prescription opioid use disorder
EDAT- 2019/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/20 06:00
PMCR- 2020/12/01
CRDT- 2019/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/04/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1111/add.14638 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Addiction. 2019 Dec;114(12):2150-2159. doi: 10.1111/add.14638. Epub 2019 Jun 12.