PMID- 31036479
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200626
LR  - 20200626
IS  - 1873-4898 (Electronic)
IS  - 1477-5131 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019 Aug
TI  - More anxious or more shy? Examining the social anxiety levels of adolescents with 
      primary enuresis nocturna: a controlled study.
PG  - 343.e1-343.e5
LID - S1477-5131(18)30342-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.04.002 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Enuresis nocturna (EN) is very common worldwide, and psychiatric 
      disorders are 1.3-4.5 times higher in children with EN. When the authors focus on 
      symptoms of individuals with EN, they figured out that the individuals were 
      impaired in social and emotional skills because of the dramatic consequences of 
      EN. The authors presume that, despite a lack of psychiatric comorbidity, primary 
      enuresis nocturna (PEN) itself and its consequences may increase adolescents' 
      social anxiety (SA), leading to adulthood mental diseases. OBJECTIVE: In this 
      study, the authors aimed to investigate the presence of SA of adolescents with 
      monosymptomatic PEN without any psychiatric comorbidity by comparing them with 
      their healthy peers. METHODS: The study was composed of 56 children who applied 
      to pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with monosymptomatic 
      PEN and 42 healthy controls. The psychiatric diagnoses were made by a child 
      psychiatrist, with the help of a semistructured interview (Kiddie Schedule for 
      Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version, K-SADS-PL), 
      and patients were required to fill out the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related 
      Disorders, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), and Children's 
      Depression Inventory (CDI) scales with the help of a clinical psychologist. The 
      physical examination made by a pediatric nephrologist and dysfunctional voiding 
      and incontinence scoring system questionnaire were used to evaluate the voiding 
      dysfunction in children. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the 
      total depression and anxiety scores between the groups (p > 0.05). There was a 
      significant difference between the two groups in the subscale of SA (t = 2.67 
      p = 0.009) (Table). Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (p < 0.001) and 
      subscales of SAS-A (Fear of Negative Evaluation [p < 0.001], General Social 
      Avoidance and Distress [p = 0.003], Social Avoidance and Distress in New 
      Situations [p < 0.001]) scores were significantly higher in the patient group. 
      DISCUSSION: The authors want to emphasize the comorbid SA of adolescents 
      diagnosed with PEN. This anxiety may disturb adolescents' health in two ways: 
      first, with the help of direct consequences of the SA and second, being late for 
      seeking help for the EN and possible delay in EN treatments. The main limitation 
      of this study is the assessments of the prior mental status of subjects were made 
      by K-SADS-PL, thus remaining a recall bias. A follow-up study may be more 
      objective. CONCLUSION: So all adolescents diagnosed with PEN should require a 
      detailed mental examination to prevent further negative consequences and provide 
      more comprehensive treatment. Also, the study needed to be repeated in larger 
      samples, and prospective studies should be designed to enhance authors' 
      understanding.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 
      All rights reserved.
FAU - Eray, S
AU  - Eray S
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludag University, Turkey. 
      Electronic address: drsafakeray@gmail.com.
FAU - Tekcan, D
AU  - Tekcan D
AD  - Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey.
FAU - Baran, Y
AU  - Baran Y
AD  - Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190405
PL  - England
TA  - J Pediatr Urol
JT  - Journal of pediatric urology
JID - 101233150
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Anxiety/epidemiology/*etiology/psychology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Chi-Square Distribution
MH  - Child
MH  - Depression/epidemiology/*etiology/psychology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - *Interpersonal Relations
MH  - Male
MH  - Nocturnal Enuresis/complications/diagnosis/*psychology
MH  - *Quality of Life
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Stress, Psychological
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Turkey
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adolescent
OT  - Enuresis nocturna
OT  - Social anxiety
EDAT- 2019/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2020/06/27 06:00
CRDT- 2019/05/01 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/04/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/06/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1477-5131(18)30342-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.04.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pediatr Urol. 2019 Aug;15(4):343.e1-343.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.04.002. 
      Epub 2019 Apr 5.