PMID- 31048676
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190506
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1545-861X (Electronic)
IS  - 0149-2195 (Print)
IS  - 0149-2195 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 17
DP  - 2019 May 3
TI  - Drug Overdose Deaths Involving Cocaine and Psychostimulants with Abuse Potential 
      - United States, 2003-2017.
PG  - 388-395
LID - 10.15585/mmwr.mm6817a3 [doi]
AB  - In 2016, a total of 63,632 persons died from drug overdoses in the United States 
      (1). Drug overdose deaths involving cocaine, psychostimulants with abuse 
      potential (psychostimulants), or both substances combined increased 42.4% from 
      12,122 in 2015 to 17,258 in 2016.* Psychostimulants with abuse potential include 
      drugs such as methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), 
      dextroamphetamine, levoamphetamine, methylphenidate (Ritalin), and caffeine. From 
      2015 to 2016, cocaine-involved and psychostimulant-involved death rates increased 
      52.4% and 33.3%, respectively (1). A total of 70,237 persons died from drug 
      overdoses in the United States in 2017; approximately two thirds of these deaths 
      involved an opioid (2). CDC analyzed 2016-2017 changes in age-adjusted death 
      rates involving cocaine and psychostimulants by demographic characteristics, 
      urbanization levels, U.S. Census region, 34 states, and the District of Columbia 
      (DC). CDC also examined trends in age-adjusted cocaine-involved and 
      psychostimulant-involved death rates from 2003 to 2017 overall, as well as with 
      and without co-involvement of opioids. Among all 2017 drug overdose deaths, 
      13,942 (19.8%) involved cocaine, and 10,333 (14.7%) involved psychostimulants. 
      Death rates increased from 2016 to 2017 for both drug categories across 
      demographic characteristics, urbanization levels, Census regions, and states. In 
      2017, opioids were involved in 72.7% and 50.4% of cocaine-involved and 
      psychostimulant-involved overdoses, respectively, and the data suggest that 
      increases in cocaine-involved overdose deaths from 2012 to 2017 were driven 
      primarily by synthetic opioids. Conversely, increases in psychostimulant-involved 
      deaths from 2010 to 2017 occurred largely independent of opioids, with increased 
      co-involvement of synthetic opioids in recent years. Provisional data from 2018 
      indicate that deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants are continuing to 
      increase.(dagger) Increases in stimulant-involved deaths are part of a growing 
      polysubstance landscape. Increased surveillance and evidence-based multisectoral 
      prevention and response strategies are needed to address deaths involving cocaine 
      and psychostimulants and opioids. Enhancing linkage to care, building state and 
      local capacity, and public health/public safety collaborations are critical 
      components of prevention efforts.
FAU - Kariisa, Mbabazi
AU  - Kariisa M
AD  - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury 
      Prevention and Control, CDC.
FAU - Scholl, Lawrence
AU  - Scholl L
AD  - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury 
      Prevention and Control, CDC.
FAU - Wilson, Nana
AU  - Wilson N
AD  - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury 
      Prevention and Control, CDC.
FAU - Seth, Puja
AU  - Seth P
AD  - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury 
      Prevention and Control, CDC.
FAU - Hoots, Brooke
AU  - Hoots B
AD  - Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury 
      Prevention and Control, CDC.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190503
PL  - United States
TA  - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
JT  - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
JID - 7802429
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/*poisoning
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/*poisoning
MH  - Cocaine/*poisoning
MH  - Drug Overdose/ethnology/*mortality
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Racial Groups/statistics & numerical data
MH  - United States/epidemiology
MH  - Urbanization
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6541315
COIS- All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE form for disclosure of 
      potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were 
      disclosed.
EDAT- 2019/05/03 06:00
MHDA- 2019/05/07 06:00
PMCR- 2019/05/03
CRDT- 2019/05/04 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/05/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/05/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - mm6817a3 [pii]
AID - 10.15585/mmwr.mm6817a3 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 May 3;68(17):388-395. doi: 
      10.15585/mmwr.mm6817a3.