PMID- 31059509
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200114
LR  - 20200309
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 5
DP  - 2019
TI  - Child development in the context of biological and psychosocial hazards among 
      poor families in Bangladesh.
PG  - e0215304
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0215304 [doi]
LID - e0215304
AB  - It is well established that low resource environments early in life can 
      predispose children to adverse health and compromised developmental outcomes. We 
      explore possible mechanistic pathways underlying poor developmental outcomes in 
      children growing up in a low resource setting in urban Bangladesh. We tested 
      associations between psychosocial risks, namely maternal distress and poor 
      caregiving experiences, and biological risks, namely poor growth (HAZ) and 
      inflammation (C-reactive protein: CRP), and children's developmental outcomes. 
      Child development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) 
      at 6 and 27 months in one cohort, and using the MSEL and Wechsler Preschool and 
      Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) at 36 and 60 months respectively in another 
      cohort. In the younger cohort, we found that more inflammation (estimated by the 
      child's CRP level at four months) predicted lower receptive language scores at 6 
      months, while more frequent caregiving interactions predicted higher receptive 
      language scores at 6 months. In the older cohort, we found that at 27 months, a 
      child's growth measured by his or her current HAZ was positively associated with 
      gross motor, visual reception, receptive language, and expressive language 
      scores. In the oldest cohort, we found that higher HAZ and more frequent 
      stimulating activities in the home predicted higher motor and language scores, 
      whereas more inflammation (as estimated by CRP over the first two years of life) 
      predicted lower motor scores at 36 months. At 60 months, we found that HAZ and 
      caregiving experiences were positively associated with verbal IQ, whereas 
      inflammation was negatively associated with verbal IQ. This work identifies 
      malnutrition, inflammation, and caregiving as potential sites of intervention to 
      improve neurodevelopment in children growing up in global poverty.
FAU - Jensen, Sarah K G
AU  - Jensen SKG
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6407-3055
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 
      United States of America.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United 
      States of America.
FAU - Tofail, Fahmida
AU  - Tofail F
AD  - Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Haque, Rashidul
AU  - Haque R
AD  - Infectious Diseases Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Petri, William A Jr
AU  - Petri WA Jr
AD  - Infectious Diseases & International Health, University of Virginia, 
      Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America.
FAU - Nelson, Charles A 3rd
AU  - Nelson CA 3rd
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 
      United States of America.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United 
      States of America.
AD  - Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
      United States of America.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI043596/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190506
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bangladesh
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/analysis
MH  - Caregivers/*psychology
MH  - Child Development/*physiology
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Mothers/*psychology
MH  - Poverty
MH  - Urban Health
PMC - PMC6502452
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2019/05/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/15 06:00
PMCR- 2019/05/06
CRDT- 2019/05/07 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/05/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/05/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-18-31604 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0215304 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2019 May 6;14(5):e0215304. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215304. 
      eCollection 2019.