PMID- 31059895
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20191120
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 676
DP  - 2019 Aug 1
TI  - Assessment of sustainable groundwater resources management using integrated 
      environmental index: Case studies across Iran.
PG  - 792-810
LID - S0048-9697(19)31786-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.257 [doi]
AB  - Assessing environmentally sustainable GW management (ESGM) needs a deep knowledge 
      of the present and the projected status of GW (GW) quantity and quality. 
      Translations of these data into policy relevant information are usually done 
      through quantitative indices. Despite the availability of a dozen GW 
      sustainability indicators, defining an integrated index based on internationally 
      accepted scientific standards indicators is required. To fill this gap, an 
      in-depth review on the developed indicators/index for evaluation of GW 
      sustainable management (GWSM) from an environmental viewpoint at aquifer scales 
      is provided in this study. Thirteen environmentally related quantitative 
      indicators are adopted for assessment of GWSM, especially in arid regions, 
      depending upon data availability, and relevance of indicators. An integrated ESGM 
      index (ESGMI) is developed based on weighted aggregation of thirteen adopted 
      indicators through multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. ESGMI value 
      ranged between 0 and 100, zero value denotes to the worst state or unsustainable 
      GW management (GWM) and 100 indicates the ideal state or GWM is sustainable. 
      Thirty important aquifers across Iran are chosen to implement the ESGMI at the 
      national scale of a country known to be the fifth largest global GW user. ESGMI 
      values for thirty of Iran's aquifers are obtained in the range 15.40 to 68.50 (on 
      average, 49.96). This reveals the unsustainable status of GWM in this country. 
      The results of this study demonstrate that the ESGMI is a promising tool to 
      determine the current state of GW quantity and quality, reveals the effect of 
      policy actions and plans, and contributes to the development and operation of 
      effective sustainable management policies for GW resources. Due to uncertainties 
      and spatio-temporal variabilities of key controlling variables in GW management, 
      sustainability evaluation should be understood as a dynamic and iterative 
      process, requiring persistent monitoring, analysis, prioritization, and 
      modification.
CI  - Crown Copyright (c) 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hosseini, Seiyed Mossa
AU  - Hosseini SM
AD  - Physical Geography Department, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6465, Tehran, 
      Iran. Electronic address: smhosseini@ut.ac.ir.
FAU - Parizi, Esmaeel
AU  - Parizi E
AD  - Physical Geography Department, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6465, Tehran, 
      Iran.
FAU - Ataie-Ashtiani, Behzad
AU  - Ataie-Ashtiani B
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 
      11155-9313, Tehran, Iran; National Centre for Groundwater Research & Training and 
      College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 
      South Australia 5001, Australia.
FAU - Simmons, Craig T
AU  - Simmons CT
AD  - National Centre for Groundwater Research & Training and College of Science & 
      Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, 
      Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190422
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Composite environmental index
OT  - Iran's aquifers
OT  - Multi criteria decision making
OT  - Safe yield
OT  - Sustainable groundwater management
EDAT- 2019/05/07 06:00
MHDA- 2019/05/07 06:01
CRDT- 2019/05/07 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/04/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/04/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/05/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/05/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/07 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(19)31786-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.257 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2019 Aug 1;676:792-810. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.257. 
      Epub 2019 Apr 22.