PMID- 31073690
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200518
LR  - 20200518
IS  - 1559-0259 (Electronic)
IS  - 1530-7905 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - MDMA Induced Cardio-toxicity and Pathological Myocardial Effects: A Systematic 
      Review of Experimental Data and Autopsy Findings.
PG  - 493-499
LID - 10.1007/s12012-019-09526-9 [doi]
AB  - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), more commonly known as "ecstasy," is a 
      semi-synthetic entactogenic phenylethylamine. In recent years it has gained 
      popularity as a recreational drug whose use has registered an upward trend 
      especially among adolescents and young adults. Despite its unwarranted reputation 
      of being a "safe" drug, the actual scientific data denote that it actually leaves 
      a trail of cardio-toxicity, above and beyond its neurotoxicity and other somatic 
      effects. Both experimental and clinical data, in fact, indicate that ecstasy can 
      alter cardiac function leading to rhythm disturbances, myocardial infarction, and 
      even sudden cardiac death. We reviewed and summarized the bio-medical literature 
      on the cardiovascular response to MDMA both in humans and laboratory animals. The 
      aim was to elucidate the various pathophysiological mechanisms involved, as well 
      as the clinical, autoptic, and experimental findings underlying MDMA-induced 
      cardio-toxicity. Finally, an illustrative case report of ecstasy-induced 
      adolescent death due to acute cardio-toxicity was described so as to highlight 
      some key features.
FAU - Bonsignore, Alessandro
AU  - Bonsignore A
AD  - Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, Via Antonio De 
      Toni 12, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Barranco, Rosario
AU  - Barranco R
AD  - Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, Via Antonio De 
      Toni 12, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Morando, Anna
AU  - Morando A
AD  - Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, La Colletta Hospital - ASL 3 Genovese, Via 
      del Giappone 5, 16011, Arenzano, Genova, Italy.
FAU - Fraternali Orcioni, Giulio
AU  - Fraternali Orcioni G
AD  - Department of Clinical Pathology, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Via Michele Coppino 
      26, 12100, Cuneo, Italy.
FAU - Ventura, Francesco
AU  - Ventura F
AD  - Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, Via Antonio De 
      Toni 12, 16132, Genoa, Italy. francesco.ventura@unige.it.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Systematic Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Cardiovasc Toxicol
JT  - Cardiovascular toxicology
JID - 101135818
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/*complications/mortality
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autopsy
MH  - Cardiotoxicity
MH  - Cause of Death
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinogens/*adverse effects
MH  - Heart Diseases/chemically induced/mortality/*pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Myocardium/*pathology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*adverse effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
OT  - Cardio-toxicity
OT  - MDMA-related deaths
OT  - Myocardial damage
EDAT- 2019/05/11 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/19 06:00
CRDT- 2019/05/11 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/11 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s12012-019-09526-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12012-019-09526-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2019 Dec;19(6):493-499. doi: 10.1007/s12012-019-09526-9.