PMID- 31082722
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191107
LR  - 20191107
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 128
DP  - 2019 Jul
TI  - High amounts of chlorinated paraffins in oil-based vitamin E dietary supplements 
      on the German market.
PG  - 438-445
LID - S0160-4120(19)30532-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.065 [doi]
AB  - Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a group of man-made pollutants of growing 
      environmental concern. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were recently 
      classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), while medium-chain 
      chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) are still unregulated. Foodstuff is a major pathway 
      for the human CP intake, and the regular diet has been analyzed in several 
      studies recently. However, dietary supplements (DS) had not been analyzed on CPs. 
      Our goal was to investigate the occurrence of CPs in DS and to evaluate the 
      possible threat for the consumers. DS (n = 25) made from plant or fish oils were 
      selected on the German market with main emphasis on vitamin E products. The lipid 
      components were removed by sulphuric acid treatment and silica gel column 
      chromatography. CP quantification was performed via gas chromatography coupled to 
      electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry. Six vitamin E preparations 
      containing palm oil showed alarmingly high CP concentrations of >35 mug/g fat. Six 
      other DS contained much lower CP amounts (<4 mug/g fat). If consumed as 
      recommended, the mean daily intake of CPs (5.5 mug SCCPs + 38 mug MCCPs) via palm 
      oil based DS surpassed that of the regular diet by a factor of 4 for SCCPs and 13 
      for MCCPs, exceeding the PCB intake via food by up to two orders of magnitude. 
      Samples reached up to 26% of the TDI of MCCPs for an average European adult. 
      Consequently, the P95 intake of those samples would amount to ~43 mg CPs per 
      year. The CP contamination probably originated from raw material, as CPs were 
      also found in palm oils and vitamin E concentrates made from palm oil. Our 
      findings suggest that DS can contain high amounts of contaminants that compromise 
      the purpose of the product and should be considered for regular CP monitoring.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sprengel, Jannik
AU  - Sprengel J
AD  - University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstr. 28, 
      D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
FAU - Wieselmann, Sina
AU  - Wieselmann S
AD  - University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstr. 28, 
      D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
FAU - Kropfl, Alexander
AU  - Kropfl A
AD  - University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstr. 28, 
      D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
FAU - Vetter, Walter
AU  - Vetter W
AD  - University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstr. 28, 
      D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: walter.vetter@uni-hohenheim.de.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190510
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 1406-18-4 (Vitamin E)
RN  - 5QUO05548Z (Palm Oil)
RN  - 8002-74-2 (Paraffin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Dietary Supplements/*analysis
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Germany
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis
MH  - Palm Oil/chemistry
MH  - Paraffin/*analysis
MH  - Vitamin E/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chlorinated paraffins
OT  - Dietary supplements
OT  - Palm oil
OT  - Polychlorinated n-alkanes
OT  - Risk assessment
EDAT- 2019/05/15 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/08 06:00
CRDT- 2019/05/15 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/04/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/04/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/05/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/15 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0160-4120(19)30532-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.065 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2019 Jul;128:438-445. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.065. Epub 2019 
      May 10.