PMID- 31085749
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190827
LR  - 20210214
IS  - 2191-0308 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-7554 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019 Jun 26
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea: personal, societal, public health, and legal 
      implications.
PG  - 153-169
LID - 10.1515/reveh-2018-0068 [doi]
AB  - Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widely prevalent sleep-related 
      breathing disorder, which leads to several life-threatening diseases. OSA has 
      systemic effects on various organ systems. Untreated OSA is associated with 
      long-term health consequences including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, 
      depression, metabolic disorders, and stroke. In addition, untreated OSA is 
      reported to be associated with cognitive dysfunction, impaired productivity at 
      the workplace and in an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) 
      resulting in injury and fatality. Other consequences of OSA include, but are not 
      limited to, impaired vigilance, daytime somnolence, performance deficits, morning 
      headaches, mood disturbances, neurobehavioral impairments, and general malaise. 
      Additionally, OSA has become an economic burden on most health systems all over 
      the world. Many driving license regulations have been developed to reduce MVAs 
      among OSA patients. Methods Studies of the personal, societal, public health, and 
      legal aspects of OSA are reviewed. Data were collected through the following 
      databases: MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, SAGE Research Methods, and 
      ScienceDirect. Conclusion OSA leads to worsening of patients' personal 
      relationships, decreasing work productivity, and increasing occupational 
      accidents as well as MVAs. The costs of undiagnosed and untreated OSA to 
      healthcare organizations are excessive. Thus, proper management of OSA will 
      benefit not only the patient but will also provide widespread benefits to the 
      society as a whole.
FAU - Morsy, Nesreen E
AU  - Morsy NE
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 
      Mansoura, Egypt.
AD  - Mansoura University Sleep Center, Mansoura, Egypt.
FAU - Farrag, Nesrine S
AU  - Farrag NS
AD  - Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 
      Mansoura, Egypt.
FAU - Zaki, Nevin F W
AU  - Zaki NFW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5131-8228
AD  - Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, 
      Mansoura University, P.O. Box 36551, Gomhoria Street, Mansoura 35511, Egypt.
AD  - Mansoura University Sleep Center, Mansoura, Egypt, E-mail: nevinfzaki@yahoo.com.
FAU - Badawy, Ahmad Y
AU  - Badawy AY
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 
      Mansoura, Egypt.
FAU - Abdelhafez, Sayed A
AU  - Abdelhafez SA
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 
      Mansoura, Egypt.
FAU - El-Gilany, Abdel-Hady
AU  - El-Gilany AH
AD  - Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 
      Mansoura, Egypt.
FAU - El Shafey, Mohsen Mohammed
AU  - El Shafey MM
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 
      Mansoura, Egypt.
FAU - Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R
AU  - Pandi-Perumal SR
AD  - Somnogen Canada Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
FAU - Spence, David Warren
AU  - Spence DW
AD  - 652 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
FAU - BaHammam, Ahmed S
AU  - BaHammam AS
AD  - The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of 
      Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences, Technology, and 
      Innovation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Germany
TA  - Rev Environ Health
JT  - Reviews on environmental health
JID - 0425754
SB  - IM
MH  - Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interpersonal Relations
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Public Health/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/economics/*epidemiology/etiology/*prevention & control
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - OSA
OT  - economic cost
OT  - legal
OT  - obstructive sleep apnea
OT  - road traffic accidents
OT  - society
EDAT- 2019/05/16 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/28 06:00
CRDT- 2019/05/16 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/05/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/16 06:00 [entrez]
AID - reveh-2018-0068 [pii]
AID - 10.1515/reveh-2018-0068 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rev Environ Health. 2019 Jun 26;34(2):153-169. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0068.