PMID- 31110483
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1664-0640 (Print)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2019
TI  - Spirituality and Moral Injury Among Military Personnel: A Mini-Review.
PG  - 276
LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00276 [doi]
LID - 276
AB  - Introduction: Moral injury (MI) results when military personnel are exposed to 
      morally injurious events that conflict with their values and beliefs. Given the 
      complexity of MI and its physical, emotional, social, and spiritual impact, a 
      holistic approach is needed. While the biopsychosocial aspects of MI are more 
      commonly addressed, less is known of the spiritual dimension and how to 
      incorporate it into treatment that facilitates restoration of one's core self and 
      mending of relationships with self, others, and the sacred/Transcendent. The 
      purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the relationship 
      between spirituality/religion (S/R) and MI as experienced by military members and 
      veterans and to consider how S/R might be better integrated into prevention and 
      treatment strategies. Methods: A mini-review of peer-reviewed articles published 
      between January 2000 and April 2018 regarding the relationship between 
      spirituality and MI among military personnel and veterans was conducted. Results: 
      Twenty-five articles were included in the final review. Five themes were 
      identified and explored, including i) Spirituality: A potential cause of and 
      protective factor against MI, ii) Self and identity: Lost and found, iii) 
      Meaning-making: What once was and now is, iv) Spirituality as a facilitator of 
      treatment for MI, and v) Faith communities: Possible sources of fragmentation or 
      healing. Discussion: Findings identified a cyclical relationship between S/R and 
      MI, whereby S/R can both mitigate and exacerbate MI, as well as be affected by 
      it. Seen as a type of S/R struggle, the use of S/R-specific strategies [e.g., 
      forgiveness, review of S/R beliefs, engagement in S/R practices, and 
      (re)connection with S/R communities], integration of S/R perspectives into 
      general interventions, and help from chaplains may support healing, 
      self-regulation, and mending of relationships, moral emotions, and social 
      connection. Further research is yet needed, however, regarding i) S/R orienting 
      systems, interventions, practices, and rituals/ceremonies that might protect 
      against and treat MI; ii) features of individuals who do/do not experience MI; 
      iii) S/R assessment tools and interventions; and iv) ways to maximize the 
      positive contributions of faith communities.
FAU - Bremault-Phillips, Suzette
AU  - Bremault-Phillips S
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 
      University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
FAU - Pike, Ashley
AU  - Pike A
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 
      University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
FAU - Scarcella, Francesca
AU  - Scarcella F
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 
      University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
FAU - Cherwick, Terry
AU  - Cherwick T
AD  - Royal Canadian Chaplain Service, Department of National Defence, Edmonton, AB, 
      Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190429
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychiatry
JT  - Frontiers in psychiatry
JID - 101545006
PMC - PMC6501118
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - biopsychosocial-spiritual approach
OT  - identity
OT  - military
OT  - moral injury
OT  - self
OT  - spirituality
OT  - veterans
EDAT- 2019/05/22 06:00
MHDA- 2019/05/22 06:01
PMCR- 2019/04/29
CRDT- 2019/05/22 06:00
PHST- 2018/09/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/04/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/05/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/05/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/05/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/04/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00276 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychiatry. 2019 Apr 29;10:276. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00276. eCollection 
      2019.