PMID- 31110505 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200929 LR - 20200929 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 10 DP - 2019 TI - Insights Into Dolphins' Immunology: Immuno-Phenotypic Study on Mediterranean and Atlantic Stranded Cetaceans. PG - 888 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00888 [doi] LID - 888 AB - Immunology of marine mammals is a relatively understudied field and its monitoring plays an important role in the individual and group management of these animals, along with an increasing value as an environmental health indicator. This study was aimed at implementing the knowledge on the immune response in cetaceans stranded along the Italian coastline to provide a baseline useful for assessing the immune status of bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) dolphins. In particular, since the Mediterranean Sea is considered a heavily polluted basin, a comparison with animals living in open waters such as the Atlantic Ocean was made. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen, thymus, and lymph node tissues from 16 animals stranded along Italian and 11 cetaceans from the Canary Island shores were sampled within 48 h from death. Information regarding stranding sites, gender, and age as well as virologic, microbiological, and parasitological investigations, and the cause and/or the death mechanism were also collected in order to carry out statistical analyses. Selected tissues were routinely stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and with immunohistochemical techniques (IHC). For IHC analysis, anti-human CD5 monoclonal mouse antibody to identify T lymphocytes, CD20 monoclonal mouse antibody for the identification of mature B lymphocytes and HLA-DR antigen (alpha-chain) monoclonal mouse antibody for the identification of the major histocompatibility complex type II were previously validated for both species by Western-blotting technique. T-test method applied to quantitative evaluation of IHC positive cells showed a significant relationship between the number of (expression) of CD20 stained lymphocytes and normal and hypoplastic lymph nodes, respectively. No other significant correlations were noticed. Analyses for organochlorines (OC) compounds were performed in animals (n degrees 5) having frozen blubber tissue available. A simple linear regression was calculated to predict if the amount of OCs could influence the number of inflammatory cell subpopulations and a moderate negative correlation was found between the presence of high quantity of contaminants and the number of T lymphocytes. Future analysis should be aimed to understand the effect of the major immunomodulatory pathogens on sub-populations of B and T cells. FAU - Centelleghe, Cinzia AU - Centelleghe C AD - Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy. FAU - Da Dalt, Laura AU - Da Dalt L AD - Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy. FAU - Marsili, Letizia AU - Marsili L AD - Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. FAU - Zanetti, Rossella AU - Zanetti R AD - Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy. FAU - Fernandez, Antonio AU - Fernandez A AD - Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universitad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain. FAU - Arbelo, Manuel AU - Arbelo M AD - Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universitad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain. FAU - Sierra, Eva AU - Sierra E AD - Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universitad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain. FAU - Castagnaro, Massimo AU - Castagnaro M AD - Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy. FAU - Di Guardo, Giovanni AU - Di Guardo G AD - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy. FAU - Mazzariol, Sandro AU - Mazzariol S AD - Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190424 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology MH - B-Lymphocytes/immunology MH - Bottle-Nosed Dolphin/immunology MH - Cetacea/*immunology MH - Dolphins/*immunology MH - Female MH - Inflammation/immunology MH - Italy MH - Lymph Nodes/immunology MH - Male MH - Mediterranean Sea MH - Spleen/immunology MH - Stenella/immunology MH - T-Lymphocytes/immunology MH - Thymus Gland/immunology PMC - PMC6499212 OTO - NOTNLM OT - bottlenose dolphin OT - immunohistochemistry OT - lymphocytes OT - organochlorine OT - striped dolphin EDAT- 2019/05/22 06:00 MHDA- 2020/09/30 06:00 PMCR- 2019/01/01 CRDT- 2019/05/22 06:00 PHST- 2018/12/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/04/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/05/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/05/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/09/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00888 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2019 Apr 24;10:888. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00888. eCollection 2019.