PMID- 31133884 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210525 IS - 1664-042X (Print) IS - 1664-042X (Electronic) IS - 1664-042X (Linking) VI - 10 DP - 2019 TI - Influence of a Hyperglycemic Microenvironment on a Diabetic Versus Healthy Rat Vascular Endothelium Reveals Distinguishable Mechanistic and Phenotypic Responses. PG - 558 LID - 10.3389/fphys.2019.00558 [doi] LID - 558 AB - Hyperglycemia is a critical factor in the development of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether hyperglycemic states result in a disruption of similar molecular mechanisms in endothelial cells under both diabetic and non-diabetic states, remains largely unknown. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge through molecular and functional characterization of primary rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (RCMVECs) derived from the T2DM Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model in comparison to control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) in response to a normal (NG) and hyperglycemic (HG) microenvironment. GK and WKY RCMVECs were cultured under NG (4.5 mM) and HG (25 mM) conditions for 3 weeks, followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), qPCR, tube formation assay, microplate based fluorimetry, and mitochondrial respiration analyses. Following database matching and filtering (false discovery rate /= 10), we identified a greater percentage of significantly altered proteins in GK (7.1%, HG versus NG), when compared to WKY (3.5%, HG versus NG) RCMVECs. Further stringent filters (log2ratio of > 2 or < -2, p < 0.05) followed by enrichment and pathway analyses of the MS/MS and quantitative PCR datasets (84 total genes screened), resulted in the identification of several molecular targets involved in angiogenic, redox and metabolic functions that were distinctively altered in GK as compared to WKY RCMVECs following HG exposure. While the expression of thirteen inflammatory and apoptotic genes were significantly increased in GK RCMVECs under HG conditions (p < 0.05), only 2 were significantly elevated in WKY RCMVECs under HG conditions. Several glycolytic enzymes were markedly reduced and pyruvate kinase activity was elevated in GK HG RCMVECs, while in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was altered. Supporting this, TNFalpha and phorbol ester (PMA)-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production were significantly enhanced in GK HG RCMVECs when compared to baseline levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, PMA mediated increase was the greatest in GK HG RCMVECs (p < 0.05). While HG caused reduction in tube formation assay parameters for WKY RCMVECs, GK RCMVECs exhibited impaired phenotypes under baseline conditions regardless of the glycemic microenvironment. We conclude that hyperglycemic microenvironment caused distinctive changes in the bioenergetics and REDOX pathways in the diabetic endothelium as compared to those observed in a healthy endothelium. FAU - Haspula, Dhanush AU - Haspula D AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States. AD - Max McGee National Research Center, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States. FAU - Vallejos, Andrew K AU - Vallejos AK AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States. AD - Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States. FAU - Moore, Timothy M AU - Moore TM AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States. FAU - Tomar, Namrata AU - Tomar N AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States. FAU - Dash, Ranjan K AU - Dash RK AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States. AD - Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States. FAU - Hoffmann, Brian R AU - Hoffmann BR AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States. AD - Max McGee National Research Center, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States. AD - Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States. AD - Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States. AD - Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States. LA - eng GR - K01 DK105043/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - P01 GM066730/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190510 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Physiol JT - Frontiers in physiology JID - 101549006 PMC - PMC6524400 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cardiovascular disease OT - diabetes OT - endothelium OT - hyperglycemia OT - mitochondrial function OT - oxidative stress EDAT- 2019/05/28 06:00 MHDA- 2019/05/28 06:01 PMCR- 2019/05/10 CRDT- 2019/05/29 06:00 PHST- 2019/02/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/04/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/05/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/05/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/05/28 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/05/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fphys.2019.00558 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Physiol. 2019 May 10;10:558. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00558. eCollection 2019.