PMID- 31136849
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191106
LR  - 20191106
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 160
DP  - 2019 Sep 1
TI  - Manufacturing bio-bricks using microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation 
      and human urine.
PG  - 158-166
LID - S0043-1354(19)30457-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.069 [doi]
AB  - In this study, we investigated the use of a natural process called microbial 
      induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) to 'grow' bio-bricks using the 
      urea present in human urine. We first collected fresh urine and stabilized the 
      urine with calcium hydroxide. This prevented any significant loss of urea which 
      allowed it to then be used for the MICP process. We used Sporosarcina pasteurii 
      bacteria to help drive the MICP process. The bacteria degraded the urea present 
      in the urine to form carbonate ions which then combined with the calcium ions 
      present in the urine solution to produce calcium carbonate. This calcium 
      carbonate was then used as a bio-cement to glue loose sand particles together in 
      the shape of a brick. The maximum compressive strength we obtained for a 
      bio-brick was 2.7 MPa which compares well with conventionally made bricks. We 
      successfully showed that human urine can be used to manufacture bio-bricks thus 
      offering an additional use of human urine.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lambert, S E
AU  - Lambert SE
FAU - Randall, D G
AU  - Randall DG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190522
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 8W8T17847W (Urea)
RN  - H0G9379FGK (Calcium Carbonate)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Bacillus
MH  - Calcium Carbonate
MH  - Chemical Precipitation
MH  - Construction Materials
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Sporosarcina
MH  - Urea
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bio-cementation
OT  - Bio-solids
OT  - Fertilizer
OT  - Sporosarcina pasteurii
OT  - Strength
OT  - Urea hydrolysis
EDAT- 2019/05/29 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/07 06:00
CRDT- 2019/05/29 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/04/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/05/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/05/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/29 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0043-1354(19)30457-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.069 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2019 Sep 1;160:158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.069. Epub 2019 
      May 22.