PMID- 31136903
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190819
LR  - 20190819
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 231
DP  - 2019 Sep
TI  - A review of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Lebanon: 
      Environmental and human contaminants.
PG  - 357-368
LID - S0045-6535(19)31015-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.109 [doi]
AB  - The country of Lebanon banned organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 1982 and 1997, respectively, and adopted the 
      Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 2003. Compliance 
      with the Stockholm Convention began immediately, and research related to POPs in 
      Lebanon had already been completed. A National Implementation Plan for POPs was 
      formulated and updated several times, and includes a national inventory of PCBs 
      that were mainly detected in insulating oils and equipment in power stations. 
      High levels of PCBs have also been detected in sediments from the Port of 
      Tripoli, the second major sea port in Lebanon. High levels of OCPs, which are 
      illegally smuggled into Lebanon and improperly handled and used by farmers, have 
      been detected in underground and surface waters for many years. There have also 
      been human biomonitoring studies of PCBs and OCPs; for example, in 1999, 
      measurable amounts of DDE were found in breast milk, and a 2018 study reported 
      measurable amounts of PCBs and OCPs in human serum. While these levels were well 
      below concentrations observed in other countries, they were slightly higher than 
      the levels observed by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 
      (NHANES). This review provides an overview of the available PCB and OCP data from 
      Lebanon between 1999 and 2017. In total, 12 studies of PCBs and OCPs in 
      environmental samples, human serum samples, and human milk samples are included 
      in this review, and the results of these studies are compared in terms of 
      geography and chronology.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Helou, Khalil
AU  - Helou K
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, 
      Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O.B. 11-5076, Riad Solh Beirut 1107 
      2180, Lebanon. Electronic address: khalil.helou@usj.edu.lb.
FAU - Harmouche-Karaki, Mireille
AU  - Harmouche-Karaki M
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, 
      Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O.B. 11-5076, Riad Solh Beirut 1107 
      2180, Lebanon. Electronic address: mireille.harmouche@usj.edu.lb.
FAU - Karake, Sara
AU  - Karake S
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, 
      Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O.B. 11-5076, Riad Solh Beirut 1107 
      2180, Lebanon. Electronic address: sarakarake27@gmail.com.
FAU - Narbonne, Jean-Francois
AU  - Narbonne JF
AD  - Honorary Professor, University of Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: 
      narbonne.jf@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190515
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & 
      numerical data
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Policy
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Environmental Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis
MH  - Lebanon
MH  - Milk, Human/chemistry
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - Pesticides/*analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biomonitoring
OT  - Environmental monitoring
OT  - Lebanon
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Polychlorinated biphenyls
EDAT- 2019/05/29 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/20 06:00
CRDT- 2019/05/29 06:00
PHST- 2019/04/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/05/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/05/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/05/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/29 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(19)31015-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.109 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2019 Sep;231:357-368. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.109. Epub 
      2019 May 15.