PMID- 31147577
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200407
LR  - 20231012
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 May 30
TI  - Improving the foundation for particulate matter risk assessment by individual 
      nanoparticle statistics from electron microscopy analysis.
PG  - 8093
LID - 10.1038/s41598-019-44495-7 [doi]
LID - 8093
AB  - Air pollution is one of the major contributors to the global burden of disease, 
      with particulate matter (PM) as one of its central concerns. Thus, there is a 
      great need for exposure and risk assessments associated with PM pollution. 
      However, current standard measurement techniques bring no knowledge of particle 
      composition or shape, which have been identified among the crucial parameters for 
      toxicology of inhaled particles. We present a method for collecting aerosols via 
      impaction directly onto Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) grids, and based 
      on the measured impactor collection efficiency and observed impact patterns we 
      establish a reproducible imaging routine for automated Scanning Electron 
      Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The method is validated by comparison to scanning 
      mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements, where a good agreement is found 
      between the particle size distributions (PSD), ensuring a representative 
      description of the sampled aerosol. We furthermore determine sampling conditions 
      for achieving optimal particle coverage on the TEM grids, allowing for a 
      statistical analysis. In summary, the presented method can provide not only a 
      representative PSD, but also detailed statistics on individual particle 
      geometries. If coupled with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis 
      elemental compositions can be assessed as well. This makes it possible to 
      categorize particles both according to size and shape e.g. round and fibres, or 
      agglomerates, as well as classify them based on their elemental composition e.g. 
      salt, soot, or metals. Combined this method brings crucial knowledge for 
      improving the foundation for PM risk assessments on workplaces and in ambient 
      conditions with complex aerosol pollution.
FAU - Brostrom, Anders
AU  - Brostrom A
AD  - National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), 
      Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. abbl@dtu.dk.
AD  - National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. 
      abbl@dtu.dk.
FAU - Kling, Kirsten Inga
AU  - Kling KI
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2765-4007
AD  - National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), 
      Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
FAU - Koponen, Ismo Kalevi
AU  - Koponen IK
AD  - Metrology and Air Environment, Force Technology, 2605, Brondbyvester, Denmark.
FAU - Hougaard, Karin Sorig
AU  - Hougaard KS
AD  - National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Kandler, Konrad
AU  - Kandler K
AD  - Institut fur Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technical University of Darmstadt, 
      64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
FAU - Molhave, Kristian
AU  - Molhave K
AD  - National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), 
      Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190530
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC6542787
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2019/05/31 06:00
MHDA- 2019/05/31 06:01
PMCR- 2019/05/30
CRDT- 2019/06/01 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/05/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/06/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/05/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/05/31 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-44495-7 [pii]
AID - 44495 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-44495-7 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2019 May 30;9(1):8093. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44495-7.