PMID- 31161980
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200219
LR  - 20231113
IS  - 1875-6190 (Electronic)
IS  - 1570-159X (Print)
IS  - 1570-159X (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 10
DP  - 2019
TI  - Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity.
PG  - 974-989
LID - 10.2174/1570159X17666190603171901 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Currently, there is a great interest in the potential medical use of 
      cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabinoid. Productive pharmacological 
      research on CBD occurred in the 1970s and intensified recently with many 
      discoveries about the endocannabinoid system. Multiple preclinical and clinical 
      studies led to FDA-approval of Epidiolex(R), a purified CBD medicine formulated for 
      oral administration for the treatment of infantile refractory epileptic 
      syndromes, by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2018. The World Health 
      Organization considers rescheduling cannabis and cannabinoids. CBD use around the 
      world is expanding for diseases that lack scientific evidence of the drug's 
      efficacy. Preclinical and clinical studies also report adverse effects (AEs) and 
      toxicity following CBD intake. METHODS: Relevant studies reporting CBD's AEs or 
      toxicity were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Central, and EMBASE through 
      January 2019. Studies defining CBD's beneficial effects were included to provide 
      balance in estimating risk/benefit. RESULTS: CBD is not risk-free. In animals, 
      CBD AEs included developmental toxicity, embryo-fetal mortality, central nervous 
      system inhibition and neurotoxicity, hepatocellular injuries, spermatogenesis 
      reduction, organ weight alterations, male reproductive system alterations, and 
      hypotension, although at doses higher than recommended for human 
      pharmacotherapies. Human CBD studies for epilepsy and psychiatric disorders 
      reported CBD-induced drug-drug interactions, hepatic abnormalities, diarrhea, 
      fatigue, vomiting, and somnolence. CONCLUSION: CBD has proven therapeutic 
      efficacy for serious conditions such as Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes and 
      is likely to be recommended off label by physicians for other conditions. 
      However, AEs and potential drug-drug interactions must be taken into 
      consideration by clinicians prior to recommending off-label CBD.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Huestis, Marilyn A
AU  - Huestis MA
AD  - Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Institute of 
      Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 
      United States.
FAU - Solimini, Renata
AU  - Solimini R
AD  - National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, 
      Italy.
FAU - Pichini, Simona
AU  - Pichini S
AD  - National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, 
      Italy.
FAU - Pacifici, Roberta
AU  - Pacifici R
AD  - National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, 
      Italy.
FAU - Carlier, Jeremy
AU  - Carlier J
AD  - Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, 
      Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Busardo, Francesco Paolo
AU  - Busardo FP
AD  - Section of Legal Medicine, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Neuropharmacol
JT  - Current neuropharmacology
JID - 101157239
RN  - 19GBJ60SN5 (Cannabidiol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/drug effects
MH  - Cannabidiol/*adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use/*toxicity
MH  - Cardiovascular System/drug effects
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects
MH  - Genitalia
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver/drug effects
MH  - Respiratory System/drug effects
PMC - PMC7052834
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cannabidiol
OT  - adverse effects
OT  - animal studies
OT  - in vitro studies
OT  - in vivo studies
OT  - studies in humans
OT  - toxicity.
EDAT- 2019/06/05 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/20 06:00
PMCR- 2020/04/01
CRDT- 2019/06/05 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/04/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/05/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/06/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/06/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - CN-EPUB-98720 [pii]
AID - CN-17-974 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1570159X17666190603171901 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Neuropharmacol. 2019;17(10):974-989. doi: 10.2174/1570159X17666190603171901.