PMID- 31167160
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191107
LR  - 20191107
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 252
IP  - Pt A
DP  - 2019 Sep
TI  - Microplastics in municipal mixed-waste organic outputs induce minimal short to 
      long-term toxicity in key terrestrial biota.
PG  - 522-531
LID - S0269-7491(18)35332-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.027 [doi]
AB  - Sustainable alternatives to landfill disposal for municipal mixed wastes 
      represents a major challenge to governments and waste management industries. In 
      the state of New South Wales (NSW) Australia, mechanical biological treatment 
      (MBT) is being used to reduce the volume and pathogen content of organic matter 
      isolated from municipal waste. The product of this treatment, a compost-like 
      output (CLO) referred to as mixed waste organic output (MWOO), is being recycled 
      and applied as a soil amendment. However, the presence of contaminants in MWOO 
      including trace organics, trace metals and physical contaminants such as 
      microplastic fragments has raised concerns about potential negative effects on 
      soil health and agriculture following land application. Here, we used multiple 
      lines of evidence to examine the effects of land application of MWOO containing 
      microplastics in three soils to a variety of terrestrial biota. Treatments 
      included unamended soil, MWOO-amended soil and MWOO-amended soil into which 
      additional high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or 
      polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics were added. Tests were conducted in soil 
      media that had been incubated for 0, 3 or 9 months. Addition of microplastics had 
      no significant negative effect on wheat seedling emergence, wheat biomass 
      production, earthworm growth, mortality or avoidance behaviour and nematode 
      mortality or reproduction compared to controls. There was also little evidence 
      the microplastics affected microbial community diversity, although measurements 
      of microbial community structure were highly variable with no clear trends.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Judy, Jonathan D
AU  - Judy JD
AD  - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and 
      Water Business Unit, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology 
      Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia; 
      University of Florida, Soil and Water Sciences Department, 1692 McCarty Dr 
      Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
FAU - Williams, Mike
AU  - Williams M
AD  - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and 
      Water Business Unit, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology 
      Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia. 
      Electronic address: mike.williams@csiro.au.
FAU - Gregg, Adrienne
AU  - Gregg A
AD  - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and 
      Water Business Unit, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology 
      Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
FAU - Oliver, Danni
AU  - Oliver D
AD  - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and 
      Water Business Unit, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology 
      Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
FAU - Kumar, Anu
AU  - Kumar A
AD  - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and 
      Water Business Unit, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology 
      Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
FAU - Kookana, Rai
AU  - Kookana R
AD  - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and 
      Water Business Unit, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology 
      Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
FAU - Kirby, Jason K
AU  - Kirby JK
AD  - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and 
      Water Business Unit, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology 
      Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190507
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Polyethylene Terephthalates)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Agriculture
MH  - Animals
MH  - Australia
MH  - Biomass
MH  - Biota/*drug effects
MH  - Nematoda/growth & development
MH  - New South Wales
MH  - Oligochaeta/growth & development
MH  - Polyethylene/*toxicity
MH  - Polyethylene Terephthalates/*toxicity
MH  - Polyvinyl Chloride/*toxicity
MH  - Recycling
MH  - Soil/chemistry
MH  - Soil Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity
MH  - Triticum/growth & development
MH  - Waste Management
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ecosystem health
OT  - Ecotoxicology
OT  - Microplastics
OT  - Sustainability
OT  - Terrestrial
OT  - Waste management
EDAT- 2019/06/06 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/08 06:00
CRDT- 2019/06/06 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/05/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/05/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/06/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/06/06 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(18)35332-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.027 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2019 Sep;252(Pt A):522-531. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.027. 
      Epub 2019 May 7.