PMID- 31174374
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191202
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 11
DP  - 2019 Jun 6
TI  - Geochemical Fractionation and Assessment of Probabilistic Ecological Risk of 
      Potential Toxic Elements in Sediments Using Monte Carlo Simulations.
LID - 10.3390/molecules24112145 [doi]
LID - 2145
AB  - The need for further research into potentially toxic elements in Serbian rivers 
      led to an investigation of distributions, sources, and ecological risks in a 
      sample base of sediments from 15 rivers. The analyses were carried out through 
      both experimental and theoretical methods. Geochemical fractionation of Cd, Co, 
      Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, V, and Zn in sediments was studied using a sequential 
      extraction procedure. Both a Hakanson risk index (RI) and a Monte Carlo 
      simulation (MCS) were used in order to estimate ecological risk, applying the 
      probability distribution of RI values instead of single-point calculations. In 
      order to both further the development of the used method and include additional 
      processes, software for the simulations was developed instead of using 
      proprietary solutions. Metal fractionation showed high percentage recoveries of 
      Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and V in residual fractions. The high content of Pb, Mn, 
      and Zn in mobile fractions might cause serious environmental concerns. In some 
      localities, Cu and Cd could be problematic elements, since their mobility was 
      high. An environmental assessment based on the described criteria provided risk 
      levels varying from low to median (mainly contributed by Cd and Cu).
FAU - Sakan, Sanja
AU  - Sakan S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1121-2602
AD  - Centre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering-ICTM, University 
      of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia. ssakan@chem.bg.ac.rs.
FAU - Sakan, Nenad
AU  - Sakan N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4979-015X
AD  - Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, 
      Serbia. nsakan@ipb.ac.rs.
FAU - Popovic, Aleksandar
AU  - Popovic A
AD  - Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 
      Belgrade, Serbia. apopovic@chem.bg.ac.rs.
FAU - Skrivanj, Sandra
AU  - Skrivanj S
AD  - Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 
      Belgrade, Serbia. sandra_skrivanj@chem.bg.ac.rs.
FAU - Dordevic, Dragana
AU  - Dordevic D
AD  - Centre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering-ICTM, University 
      of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia. dragadj@chem.bg.ac.rs.
LA  - eng
GR  - ////
GR  - 172001/Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnoloskog Razvoja/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190606
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Geologic Sediments/*chemistry
MH  - Metals, Heavy/*chemistry/toxicity
MH  - Monte Carlo Method
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Rivers/chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*chemistry/toxicity
PMC - PMC6600445
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Monte Carlo simulation
OT  - geochemical fractionation
OT  - hierarchical clustering
OT  - probabilistic ecological risk
OT  - sediments
OT  - toxic elements
COIS- The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, 
      or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision 
      to publish the results.
EDAT- 2019/06/09 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/04 06:00
PMCR- 2019/06/06
CRDT- 2019/06/09 06:00
PHST- 2019/04/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/05/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/05/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/06/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/06/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/06/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules24112145 [pii]
AID - molecules-24-02145 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules24112145 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2019 Jun 6;24(11):2145. doi: 10.3390/molecules24112145.