PMID- 31174670
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200122
LR  - 20231012
IS  - 2468-6530 (Electronic)
IS  - 2468-6530 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Retinal Microvascular and Neurodegenerative Changes in Alzheimer's Disease and 
      Mild Cognitive Impairment Compared with Control Participants.
PG  - 489-499
LID - S2468-6530(18)30669-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.oret.2019.02.002 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Evaluate and compare the retinal microvasculature in the superficial 
      capillary plexus (SCP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment 
      (MCI), and cognitively intact controls using OCT angiography. OCT parameters were 
      also compared. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy eyes from 39 
      AD participants, 72 eyes from 37 MCI participants, and 254 eyes from 133 control 
      participants were enrolled. METHODS: Participants were imaged using Zeiss Cirrus 
      HD-5000 with AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and underwent cognitive 
      evaluation with Mini-Mental State Examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vessel 
      density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) in the SCP within the Early Treatment 
      Diabetic Retinopathy Study 6-mm circle, 3-mm circle, and 3-mm ring were compared 
      between groups. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, central subfield thickness 
      (CST), macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, and 
      peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were also compared. 
      RESULTS: Alzheimer's participants showed significantly decreased SCP VD and PD in 
      the 3-mm ring (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and 3-mm circle (P = 0.003 
      and P = 0.004, respectively) and decreased SCP VD in the 6-mm circle (P = 0.047) 
      compared with MCI and significantly decreased SCP VD and PD in the 3-mm ring (P = 
      0.008 and P = 0.004, respectively) and 3-mm circle (P = 0.015 and P = 0.009, 
      respectively) and SCP PD in the 6-mm circle (P = 0.033) when compared with 
      cognitively intact controls. There was no difference in SCP VD or PD between MCI 
      and controls (P > 0.05). FAZ area and CST did not differ significantly between 
      groups (P > 0.05). Alzheimer's participants showed significantly decreased GC-IPL 
      thickness over the inferior (P = 0.032) and inferonasal (P = 0.025) sectors 
      compared with MCI and significantly decreased GC-IPL thickness over the entire (P 
      = 0.012), superonasal (P = 0.041), inferior (P = 0.004), and inferonasal (P = 
      0.006) sectors compared to controls. MCI participants showed significantly 
      decreased temporal RNFL thickness (P = 0.04) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Alzheimer's participants showed significantly reduced macular VD, PD, and GC-IPL 
      thickness compared with MCI and controls. Changes in the retinal microvasculature 
      may mirror small vessel cerebrovascular changes in AD.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. 
      All rights reserved.
FAU - Yoon, Stephen P
AU  - Yoon SP
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
FAU - Grewal, Dilraj S
AU  - Grewal DS
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
FAU - Thompson, Atalie C
AU  - Thompson AC
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
FAU - Polascik, Bryce W
AU  - Polascik BW
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
FAU - Dunn, Cynthia
AU  - Dunn C
AD  - Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
FAU - Burke, James R
AU  - Burke JR
AD  - Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
FAU - Fekrat, Sharon
AU  - Fekrat S
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic 
      address: sharon.fekrat@duke.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 EY005722/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190311
PL  - United States
TA  - Ophthalmol Retina
JT  - Ophthalmology. Retina
JID - 101695048
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/*complications/diagnosis/physiopathology
MH  - Cerebrovascular Circulation
MH  - Cognitive Dysfunction/*complications/diagnosis/physiopathology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Fluorescein Angiography/*methods
MH  - Fundus Oculi
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Microvessels/*pathology
MH  - Nerve Fibers/pathology
MH  - Neuroimaging/methods
MH  - Retinal Degeneration/*diagnosis/etiology
MH  - Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology
MH  - Retinal Vessels/*pathology
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods
MH  - Visual Acuity
PMC - PMC6586560
MID - NIHMS1013553
COIS- Conflict of Interest: No conflicting relationship exists for any author.
EDAT- 2019/06/09 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/23 06:00
PMCR- 2020/06/01
CRDT- 2019/06/09 06:00
PHST- 2018/09/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/12/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/02/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/06/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/06/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2468-6530(18)30669-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.oret.2019.02.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 Jun;3(6):489-499. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.02.002. Epub 
      2019 Mar 11.