PMID- 31225707
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200116
LR  - 20210110
IS  - 1740-8709 (Electronic)
IS  - 1740-8695 (Print)
IS  - 1740-8695 (Linking)
VI  - 15 Suppl 4
IP  - Suppl 4
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Energy intake from unhealthy snack food/beverage among 12-23-month-old children 
      in urban Nepal.
PG  - e12775
LID - 10.1111/mcn.12775 [doi]
LID - e12775
AB  - Unhealthy snack food and beverage (USFB) consumption among young children has 
      been noted in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC), however, there 
      is a lack of information on the contribution of these foods to children's diets 
      in these contexts. This study describes the nutrient profiles and costs of snacks 
      consumed by young children in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and assesses the 
      proportion of total energy intake from nonbreastmilk foods (%TEI-NBF) contributed 
      by USFB and factors associated with high USFB consumption. A cross-sectional 
      survey was conducted among 745 randomly sampled primary caregivers of children 
      aged 12-23 months. Of 239 unique snack foods and beverages consumed, 180 (75.3%) 
      were classified as unhealthy based on nutrient profiling, with 158 of these being 
      commercially branded. Median cost/100 kcal of USFB was lower as compared with 
      healthy snacks. Ninety-one percent of children had consumed a USFB in the 
      previous 24 hr, with these foods contributing a mean %TEI-NBF of 24.5 +/- 0.7 among 
      all children. Biscuits (10.8%), candy/chocolate (3.5%), and savoury snacks (3.4%) 
      provided the largest %TEI-NBF. Children who were older, female, or from the 
      poorest households had significantly higher odds of high USFB consumption, 
      whereas children whose caregivers were of upper caste/ethnicity or had achieved 
      tertiary education had lower odds of consumption than other children. To reduce 
      USFB consumption, interventions should seek to further understand social/cultural 
      drivers of feeding practices, target disadvantaged populations, and ensure 
      caregivers are fully aware of the nutritional quality of food products they 
      choose for their children.
CI  - (c) 2019 The Authors. Maternal and Child Nutrition Published by John Wiley & Sons, 
      Ltd.
FAU - Pries, Alissa M
AU  - Pries AM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8223-3769
AD  - Helen Keller International, New York, New York.
AD  - Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, 
      London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
FAU - Sharma, Nisha
AU  - Sharma N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8075-7286
AD  - Helen Keller International, New York, New York.
FAU - Upadhyay, Atul
AU  - Upadhyay A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3076-9959
AD  - Helen Keller International, New York, New York.
FAU - Rehman, Andrea M
AU  - Rehman AM
AD  - Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, 
      London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
FAU - Filteau, Suzanne
AU  - Filteau S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1119-6825
AD  - Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, 
      London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
FAU - Ferguson, Elaine L
AU  - Ferguson EL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4673-5128
AD  - Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, 
      London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - MR/R010161/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Matern Child Nutr
JT  - Maternal & child nutrition
JID - 101201025
SB  - IM
MH  - *Beverages/economics
MH  - Candy
MH  - Caregivers
MH  - Chocolate
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diet Surveys
MH  - Edible Grain
MH  - *Energy Intake
MH  - *Fast Foods/economics
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - *Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Male
MH  - Nepal
MH  - *Nutritive Value
MH  - *Snacks
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - Urban Health
PMC - PMC6617731
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Nepal
OT  - complementary feeding
OT  - double burden
OT  - snack food
OT  - sugar-sweetened beverage
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2019/06/22 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/17 06:00
PMCR- 2019/06/21
CRDT- 2019/06/22 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/12/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/12/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/06/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/06/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/06/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - MCN12775 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/mcn.12775 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Matern Child Nutr. 2019 Jun;15 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):e12775. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12775.