PMID- 31249067
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191216
LR  - 20210226
IS  - 1521-0081 (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-6997 (Print)
IS  - 0031-6997 (Linking)
VI  - 71
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019 Jul
TI  - Cognitive Effects of MDMA in Laboratory Animals: A Systematic Review Focusing on 
      Dose.
PG  - 413-449
LID - 10.1124/pr.118.017087 [doi]
AB  - +/-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a synthetic, psychoactive drug that 
      is primarily used recreationally but also may have some therapeutic value. At low 
      doses, MDMA produces feelings of relaxation, empathy, emotional closeness, and 
      euphoria. Higher doses can produce unpleasant psychostimulant- and 
      hallucinogen-like adverse effects and therefore are usually not taken 
      intentionally. There is considerable evidence that MDMA produces neurotoxicity 
      and cognitive deficits at high doses; however, these findings may not generalize 
      to typical recreational or therapeutic use of low-dose MDMA. Here, we 
      systematically review 25 years of research on the cognitive effects of MDMA in 
      animals, with a critical focus on dose. We found no evidence that doses of less 
      than 3 mg/kg MDMA-the dose range that users typically take-produce cognitive 
      deficits in animals. Doses of 3 mg/kg or greater, which were administered most 
      often and frequently ranged from 5 to 20 times greater than an average dose, also 
      did not produce cognitive deficits in a slight majority of experiments. Overall, 
      the preclinical evidence of MDMA-induced cognitive deficits is weak and, if 
      anything, may be the result of unrealistically high dosing. While factors 
      associated with recreational use such as polydrug use, adulterants, hyperthermia, 
      and hyponatremia can increase the potential for neurotoxicity, the short-term, 
      infrequent, therapeutic use of ultra low-dose MDMA is unlikely to pose 
      significant cognitive risks. Future studies must examine any adverse cognitive 
      effects of MDMA using clinically relevant doses to reliably assess its potential 
      as a psychotherapeutic.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental 
      Therapeutics.
FAU - Pantoni, Madeline M
AU  - Pantoni MM
AD  - Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology (M.M.P., S.G.A.) and 
      Program in Neurosciences (S.G.A.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 
      California maddie.pantoni@gmail.com.
FAU - Anagnostaras, Stephan G
AU  - Anagnostaras SG
AD  - Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology (M.M.P., S.G.A.) and 
      Program in Neurosciences (S.G.A.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 
      California.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA020041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Systematic Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Pharmacol Rev
JT  - Pharmacological reviews
JID - 0421737
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
EIN - Pharmacol Rev. 2021 Apr;73(2):729. PMID: 33632936
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Laboratory
MH  - Cognition/*drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*administration & dosage
PMC - PMC6607799
EDAT- 2019/06/30 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/18 06:00
PMCR- 2020/07/01
CRDT- 2019/06/29 06:00
PHST- 2019/06/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/06/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 71/3/413 [pii]
AID - PHARMREV_017087 [pii]
AID - 10.1124/pr.118.017087 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pharmacol Rev. 2019 Jul;71(3):413-449. doi: 10.1124/pr.118.017087.