PMID- 31252496 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20190703 IS - 1944-8252 (Electronic) IS - 1944-8244 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 26 DP - 2019 Jul 3 TI - Self-Assembled Functionally Graded Graphene Films with Tunable Compositions and Their Applications in Transient Electronics and Actuation. PG - 23463-23473 LID - 10.1021/acsami.9b05236 [doi] AB - The facile fabrication of functionally graded all-graphene films using a single-step casting process is reported. The films consist of a self-assembled graphene oxide (GO) precursor that can be reduced to different levels on an active metal substrate. Control of processing conditions such as the underlying substrate metal and the film-drying environment results in an ability to tailor the internal architecture of the films as well as to functionally grade the reduction of GO. A gradient arrangement within each film, where one side is electrically conductive reduced GO (rGO) and the other side is insulating GO, was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Raman, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization studies. All-graphene-based freestanding films with selectively reduced GO were used in transient electronic applications such as flexible circuitry and RFID tag antennas, where their decommissioning is easily achieved by capitalizing on GO's ability to readily dissociate and create a stable suspension in water. Furthermore, the functionally graded structure was found to exhibit differential swelling behavior, and its potential applications in graphene-based actuators are outlined. FAU - Rasel, Sheikh AU - Rasel S AD - Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Str., MS312 , Toledo , Ohio 43606-3390 , United States. FAU - Bhatkar, Omkar AU - Bhatkar O AD - Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Str., MS312 , Toledo , Ohio 43606-3390 , United States. FAU - Smith, David AU - Smith D AD - Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Str., MS312 , Toledo , Ohio 43606-3390 , United States. FAU - Kowal, Matt D AU - Kowal MD AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States. FAU - Anderson, Mackenzie AU - Anderson M AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States. FAU - Rizvi, Reza AU - Rizvi R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5148-1321 AD - Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Str., MS312 , Toledo , Ohio 43606-3390 , United States. FAU - Kaner, Richard B AU - Kaner RB AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0345-4924 AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States. AD - Department of Materials Science and Engineering , UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90095-1595 , United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190618 PL - United States TA - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces JT - ACS applied materials & interfaces JID - 101504991 OTO - NOTNLM OT - functionally graded OT - graphene OT - graphene oxide OT - self-assembly OT - transient electronics EDAT- 2019/06/30 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/30 06:01 CRDT- 2019/06/30 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/30 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/06/30 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/acsami.9b05236 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Jul 3;11(26):23463-23473. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b05236. Epub 2019 Jun 18.