PMID- 31253875
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201023
LR  - 20210110
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Jun 28
TI  - Conventional and Specific-Pathogen Free Rats Respond Differently to Anesthesia 
      and Surgical Trauma.
PG  - 9399
LID - 10.1038/s41598-019-45871-z [doi]
LID - 9399
AB  - Specific-pathogen free (SPF) animals were introduced in the 1960s to minimize 
      disease and infection as variables in biomedical research. Our aim was to examine 
      differences in physiological response in rat colonies bred and housed in a 
      conventional versus SPF facility, and implications for research. Sprague-Dawley 
      rats were anesthetized and catheterized for blood and pressure monitoring, and 
      electrocardiogram (ECG) leads implanted. Hematology was assessed, and coagulation 
      profile using rotational thromboelastometry. Health screening was outsourced to 
      Cerberus Sciences. SPF rats had significantly lower pulse pressure (38% 
      decrease), arrhythmias and prolonged QTc (27% increase) compared to conventional 
      rats. No arrhythmias were found in conventional rats. SPF rats had significantly 
      higher white cell, monocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and were 
      hyperfibrinolytic, indicated by EXTEM maximum lysis >15%. Independent assessment 
      revealed similar pathogen exclusion between colonies, with the exception of 
      Proteus in SPF animals. Returning to a conventional facility restored normal host 
      physiology. We conclude that SPF animals displayed an abnormal hemodynamic, 
      hematological and hemostatic phenotype in response to anesthesia and surgery, and 
      provide a number of recommendations to help standardize research outcomes and 
      translation.
FAU - Letson, Hayley L
AU  - Letson HL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0135-134X
AD  - Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, 
      James Cook University, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
FAU - Morris, Jodie
AU  - Morris J
AD  - Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, 
      James Cook University, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
FAU - Biros, Erik
AU  - Biros E
AD  - Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, 
      James Cook University, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
FAU - Dobson, Geoffrey P
AU  - Dobson GP
AD  - Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, 
      James Cook University, Queensland, 4811, Australia. geoffrey.dobson@jcu.edu.au.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20190628
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Anesthesia
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Blood Coagulation
MH  - Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Cardiovascular System/physiopathology
MH  - Electrocardiography
MH  - Hemodynamics
MH  - Models, Animal
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
MH  - *Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects
MH  - *Wounds and Injuries/etiology
PMC - PMC6599031
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2019/06/30 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/24 06:00
PMCR- 2019/06/28
CRDT- 2019/06/30 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/06/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/06/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/06/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-45871-z [pii]
AID - 45871 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-45871-z [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2019 Jun 28;9(1):9399. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45871-z.