PMID- 31255136
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20190723
IS  - 1520-8524 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-4966 (Linking)
VI  - 145
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - An experimental evaluation of the generalized sinusoidal frequency modulated 
      waveform for active sonar systems.
PG  - 3741
LID - 10.1121/1.5113581 [doi]
AB  - This paper experimentally evaluates the Generalized Sinusoidal Frequency 
      Modulated (GSFM) waveform, a generalization of the Sinusoidal Frequency Modulated 
      (SFM) waveform. The Instantaneous Frequency (IF) of the GSFM resembles the 
      time/voltage characteristic of a Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) chirp waveform. 
      Consequently, the GSFM possesses an Ambiguity Function (AF) that resembles a 
      thumbtack shape. Practical sonar system design must consider two factors beyond 
      the AF. The Spectral Efficiency (SE), defined as the ratio of energy in an 
      operational frequency band to the total waveform energy, is another important 
      metric for waveform design. The Peak-to-Average-Power Ratio (PAPR) quantifies how 
      close the waveform is to constant amplitude. These measures predict a waveform's 
      energy efficiency and ability to be accurately replicated on practical 
      piezoelectric transducers, which have limits on both their bandwidth and maximum 
      transmit power. This paper explores these design considerations for the GSFM 
      waveform and evaluates its performance against a host of other well established 
      waveforms using simulated and experimental acoustic data. The GSFM possesses 
      superior SE, PAPR, and overall energy efficiency when compared to other thumbtack 
      waveforms.
FAU - Hague, David A
AU  - Hague DA
AD  - Sensors and Sonar Systems Department, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, 
      Rhode Island 02840, USA.
FAU - Buck, John R
AU  - Buck JR
AD  - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts 
      Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Acoust Soc Am
JT  - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JID - 7503051
EDAT- 2019/07/01 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/01 06:01
CRDT- 2019/07/01 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/01 06:01 [medline]
AID - 10.1121/1.5113581 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Acoust Soc Am. 2019 Jun;145(6):3741. doi: 10.1121/1.5113581.