PMID- 31255736
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190729
LR  - 20190729
IS  - 1879-0038 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-1119 (Linking)
VI  - 711
DP  - 2019 Aug 30
TI  - Transcriptional and physiological responses to inorganic nutrition in a tropical 
      Pacific strain of Alexandrium minutum: Implications for nutrient uptakes and 
      assimilation.
PG  - 143950
LID - S0378-1119(19)30600-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143950 [doi]
AB  - The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is known to produce saxitoxins that 
      cause paralytic shellfish poisoning in human worldwide through consumption of the 
      contaminated shellfish mollusks. Despite numerous studies on the growth 
      physiology and saxitoxin production of this species, the knowledge on the 
      molecular basis of nutrient uptakes in relation to toxin production in this 
      species is limited. In this study, relative expressions of the high-affinity 
      transporter genes of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate (AmNrt2, AmAmt1 and 
      AmPiPT1) and the assimilation genes, nitrate reductase (AmNas), glutamine 
      synthase (AmGSIII) and carbamoyl phosphate synthase (AmCPSII) from A. minutum 
      were studied in batch clonal culture condition with two nitrogen sources 
      (nitrate: NO(3)(-) or ammonium: NH(4)(+)) under different N:P ratios (high-P: N:P 
      of 14 and 16, and low-P: N:P of 155). The expression of AmAmt1 was suppressed in 
      excess NH(4)(+)-grown condition but was not observed in AmNrt2 and AmNas. 
      Expressions of AmAmt1, AmNrt2, AmNas, AmGSIII, AmCPSII, and AmPiPT1 were high in 
      P-deficient condition, showing that A. minutum is likely to take up nutrients for 
      growth under P-stress condition. Conversely, relative expression of AmCPSII was 
      incongruent with cell growth, but was well correlated with toxin quota, 
      suggesting that the gene might involve in arginine metabolism and related toxin 
      production pathway. The expression of AmGSIII is found coincided with higher 
      toxin production and is believed to involve in mechanism to detoxify the cells 
      from excess ammonium stress. The gene regulation observed in this study has 
      provided better insights into the ecophysiology of A. minutum in relation to its 
      adaptive strategies in unfavorable environments.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hii, Kieng Soon
AU  - Hii KS
AD  - Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University 
      of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia. Electronic address: hiiks@um.edu.my.
FAU - Lim, Po Teen
AU  - Lim PT
AD  - Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University 
      of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia.
FAU - Kon, Nyuk Fong
AU  - Kon NF
AD  - Sarawak Biodiversity Centre, Semengoh, 93990 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
FAU - Usup, Gires
AU  - Usup G
AD  - Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, 
      Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Gu, Haifeng
AU  - Gu H
AD  - Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, 
      China.
FAU - Leaw, Chui Pin
AU  - Leaw CP
AD  - Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University 
      of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia. Electronic address: 
      cpleaw@um.edu.my.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190628
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Gene
JT  - Gene
JID - 7706761
RN  - 0 (Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Nitrates)
RN  - 0 (Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Proteins)
RN  - 35523-89-8 (Saxitoxin)
MH  - Ammonium Compounds/metabolism
MH  - Batch Cell Culture Techniques/*methods
MH  - Dinoflagellida/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Nitrates/metabolism
MH  - Phosphates/metabolism
MH  - Protozoan Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Saxitoxin/genetics
MH  - Stress, Physiological
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ammonium detoxification
OT  - Nutrient assimilation genes
OT  - Nutrient transporter genes
OT  - Paralytic shellfish toxin
OT  - Saxitoxins
EDAT- 2019/07/01 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/30 06:00
CRDT- 2019/07/01 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/06/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0378-1119(19)30600-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143950 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Gene. 2019 Aug 30;711:143950. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143950. Epub 2019 Jun 28.