PMID- 31261673 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231013 IS - 1999-4923 (Print) IS - 1999-4923 (Electronic) IS - 1999-4923 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 7 DP - 2019 Jun 28 TI - Latest Advances in the Development of Eukaryotic Vaults as Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. LID - 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070300 [doi] LID - 300 AB - The use of smart drug delivery systems (DDSs) is one of the most promising approaches to overcome some of the drawbacks of drug-based therapies, such as improper biodistribution and lack of specific targeting. Some of the most attractive candidates as DDSs are naturally occurring, self-assembling protein nanoparticles, such as viruses, virus-like particles, ferritin cages, bacterial microcompartments, or eukaryotic vaults. Vaults are large ribonucleoprotein nanoparticles present in almost all eukaryotic cells. Expression in different cell factories of recombinant versions of the "major vault protein" (MVP) results in the production of recombinant vaults indistinguishable from native counterparts. Such recombinant vaults can encapsulate virtually any cargo protein, and they can be specifically targeted by engineering the C-terminus of MVP monomer. These properties, together with nanometric size, a lumen large enough to accommodate cargo molecules, biodegradability, biocompatibility and no immunogenicity, has raised the interest in vaults as smart DDSs. In this work we provide an overview of eukaryotic vaults as a new, self-assembling protein-based DDS, focusing in the latest advances in the production and purification of this platform, its application in nanomedicine, and the current preclinical and clinical assays going on based on this nanovehicle. FAU - Munoz-Juan, Amanda AU - Munoz-Juan A AD - Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. FAU - Carreno, Aida AU - Carreno A AD - Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. FAU - Mendoza, Rosa AU - Mendoza R AD - Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. AD - Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Corchero, Jose L AU - Corchero JL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6109-144X AD - Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. jlcorchero@ciber-bbn.es. AD - Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain. jlcorchero@ciber-bbn.es. AD - Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. jlcorchero@ciber-bbn.es. LA - eng GR - PI17/00553/Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad/ GR - Development of an antitumor protein delivery system into ovarian cancer cells using the subcellular vault/Fundacion Cientifica Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer/ GR - PANCREATOR/Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190628 PL - Switzerland TA - Pharmaceutics JT - Pharmaceutics JID - 101534003 PMC - PMC6680493 OTO - NOTNLM OT - drug delivery systems OT - eukaryotic vaults OT - nanocage OT - nanoparticle OT - protein self-assembly COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2019/07/03 06:00 MHDA- 2019/07/03 06:01 PMCR- 2019/07/01 CRDT- 2019/07/03 06:00 PHST- 2019/05/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/06/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/06/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/07/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/07/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/07/03 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - pharmaceutics11070300 [pii] AID - pharmaceutics-11-00300 [pii] AID - 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070300 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Pharmaceutics. 2019 Jun 28;11(7):300. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070300.